例1. The villagers took great care of the old man.
The old man was taken great care of (by the villagers).
Great care was taken of the old man (by the villagers).
例2. His speech was good enough to stir the audience.
His speech was too good not to stir the audience.
His speech was so good that all the audience felt stirred.
例3. A computer was among the new products on display.
Among the new products on display was a computer.
例4. Most metals are good conductors, and silver is the best.
Most metals are good conductors, silver being the best.
Most metals are good conductors, with silver in the lead.
因此, 我们在写作时, 应充分利用我们已有的句法知识, 采用各种句法结构, 使作文句式多样、 生动活泼。
四、句子结构和用词正确
要在写作中, 使用正确的句子结构, 选择恰当的词汇, 首先要勤学多练。尤其在开始练习写作的初始阶段, 可勤查语法书和字典等工具书, 背记常用词和短语, 扩大词汇量, 拓展知识面。 要深刻理解所背词语的内在含义, 并了解他们所使用的语言环境。复习备考时, 请务必认真阅读本书的后面关于写作方面的论述, 模仿并熟记一些常用的过渡词和英语句型, 以及一些英语范文,并切忌自编自造汉语式的英语句式和词组, 养成不良的写作习惯。 一定要注意使用学习过的,比较熟悉有把握的句式和词汇。
其次, 在考试过程中, 对于那些拿不稳, 没有把握的句子, 尽量采取“ 回避政策”。下面是一篇在94年研究生入学考试中获得14分的作文, 整篇文章很符合我们在上面所述的高分作文的要求:
On Making Friends
As a human being, one can hardly do without a friend. Society is made up of individuals, and making friend is a very important part in our life. Friends can give you a lot. First, if you have trouble with some problems, you can consult your good friends and exchange opinions. Thus you will feel comfortable and encouraged. Secondly, if you wish to do some physical exercises, such as playing table tennis, you can play with friends and have a good time. Then you can relax yourself. In short, we need friends.
But what is true friendship? Some people think friends are people whom they can play with. In my opinion, a friend in need is a friend indeed. True friendship can encourage you when you are in difficulties. A true friend not only shares with you your joy and happiness but also your trouble and anxiety. When you need him, he will give you a hand and spare no efforts. Of course, these principles are the same to you when you treat your friends.
As far as I'm concerned, I wish to make as many friends as possible. The world is a big family, and we will feel relaxed in a friendly atmosphere. You will discover the world is full of flowers and happiness. I wish some day we can all be friends.
另外, 值得一提的是, 写作属于主观性测试, 阅卷人对答卷印象的好坏会直接影响到考生的分数, 而且研究生入学考试英语短文写作的阅卷采用的是总体评分的方法, 阅卷人员就总体印象给出奖励分, 而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分, 因此, 考生要特别注意卷面的整洁, 答题纸四周都要留空边。在一般情况下, 你的作文的读者就是阅卷的老师, 所以, 短文忌用对读者不尊重的词语, 避免引起阅卷老师的反感, 例如, 有些考生习惯使用“Do you know …? Let me tell you”之类的过分口语化的句子, 这样有把读者当做小学生之嫌, 易引起人的反感, 因此应该尽量避免。 另外, 切勿将题目中提供的英语单词抄错, 否则会使阅卷人感觉到你是一位粗心甚至不负责任的人。 还有一点容易给阅卷人造成不良印象的问题是标点符号的使用, 在阅卷的过程中, 我们经常会碰到有的考生的作文整篇没有一个明显的标点符号, 在每个句子或应该加注标点的地方都用一点, 根本分不清是逗号还是句号, 有的缺乏标点符号的常识, 在一个书名两边加注《 》号, 这些都会影响到考生的成绩。因此, 希望考生注意认真阅读后面关于标点符号使用的一部分。
最后, 我们谈谈考试过程中短文写作的时间分配问题, 短文写作的时间为40分钟, 要力争写完写好, 这就要求考生做到有条不紊，忙而不乱，充分发挥自己应有的水平。建议按照如下的方案分配时间: 审题2～3分钟, 组织素材, 细节和关键词: 5～6分钟, 起草: 20～25分钟, 修改定稿: 6～10分钟。
