I. The ancient Rondos even had a discipline called Ars Memorativa, or the art of memory. They honored extraordinary acts of memorization, just as they honored extraordinary feats in battle, and Cicero excelled at this. Memorization was an art that could be polished using patterns, imaginary structures and landscapes. Without training, the human brain can hold only about seven items in short-term memory.
J.The invention of computer memory changes everything. We now have "Moore's Law", the notion that memory chips will double in performance every 18 months. Memory plug base. continues to decrease in size while our memories accumulate daily. Because of growing access to the Internet, Malone argues that individualized memory matters less and less. Schoolchildren today take open-book tests or with acalculator. "What matters now is not one's ownership of knowledge, but one's skill at accessing it and analyzing it," he writes. However, something is lost. We have unlimited access to a wealth of information, yet little of it belongs to us.
K. Human beings have a notion of self, a subjective world particular to us, thanks to our high lycomplicated and individualized brains that Malone compares to "the roots and branches of a tree". We own our own hardware, and we all remember differently. The Internet offers us access to information, but it is really a part of the external world of colors and sounds that even Neanderthals could receive. A world in which all our memories are stored on electronic devices and all our answers can be foundby Googling is a world closer to the Neanderthars than to a high-tech, idealized future. I don't remember when I first learned the word deja vu but I do remember the shirt I wore on the firt day of9th grade. Memory is a tool, but it can also teach us about what we think is important. Human memory is a way for us to learn about ourselves.
Compared with Neanderthals and Homo sapiens, human beings have the particular .feature of being able to make memories and recall them.
38、 Malone writes in his book that humans increasingly rely more on technology than their minds.
39、 The ancient Romans had a discipline called the art of memory and they honored remarkable acts of memorization.
40、 Malone argues that one's skill at accessing and analyzing knowledge is more important than one'sownership of knowledge.
41、 Malone fails to discuss in his book the deeper philosophical implications of the technology progress.
42、 If we rely on electronic devices and Internet searching too much. we probably have a world more similar to Neanderthal's rather than closer to a high-tech, idealized future..
43、 We cannot automatically erase our memories, which has both advantages and disadvantages.
44、 The instruction of "live in the moment" in yoga class is hard to achieve because humans have the memory of the past.
45、 Because we human beings have sophisticated and personalized brains, we have the notion of self.
46、 The Library of Alexandria is a good illustration to show people's desire to catalog the memory.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
47、听音频，回答下面各题。
Fatter people are more likely to lose their memories and brain power quicker than those who are thinner, according to British research.
Those who are obese (肥胖的), and have other health problems such as high blood26 , lose theirmemory and thinking skills almost a quarter faster. The study was based on almost 6,500 27 , whosehealth was monitored between the ages of 50 and 60. They were weighed and measured, their hearts were checked, and they were also asked what 28 they were taking.
In addition,, they were asked to 29 mental tests three times during the decade, which were used to 30 memory and other cognitive skills.
Of the 6,401 people in the study, nine percent were obese. Of those, 350 had two additional 31 factors such as heart attack, and were taking medicines for either condition.
The researchers found the obese 32 their mental powers faster than their thinner colleagues, while those who also had additional factors lost their memory and thinking skills fastest of all. The latter group 33 a 22.5 percent faster decline on the cognitive test scores over the decade than those who were healthy.
It is still not known why obesity 34 poorer brain performance, but with obesity levels on the rise,it will be important to explore a tittle deeper into this association. Meanwhile, it is also suggested that a 35 , regular exercise, not smoking and controlling blood pressure in midlffe can also help keep away from brain diseases.
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Part II Listening Comprehension.(30 minutes)
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