高考英语语法:高考英语总复习语法专项 疑问句

高考英语总复习语法专项 疑问句

2009-03-18 11:28 来源：互联网 作者：佚名 [打印] [评论]

反意疑问句

一.反意疑问句的分类:

1.第一类反意疑问句由两部分组成, 前一部分作陈述; 后一部分提问, 起证实或反证作用, 或只表示疑问语调的作用, 其肯定或否定与前一部分相反. 这一类反意疑问句实际上不表示疑问, 也并不一定要求对方回答

a. You haven’t done your homework, have you ?

b. You will be away for long, won’t you ?

2.第二类反意疑问句也由两部分组成, 前一部分作肯定的陈述, 用肯定形式, 后一部分提问也用肯定形式, 表示说话人对第一部分的陈述的真实性有所怀疑, 请对方加以证实

a. He teaches English, does he ?

二.应注意的问题:

1.疑问部分的主语与陈述部分的主语的对应:

①.陈述部分是there be结构时, 疑问部分用be(not) ther提问

a. There is no doubt about it, is there ?

b. There are hundreds of students on the playground, aren’t there ?

②.陈述部分的主语是everyone, someone, anyone, no one等表示人的不定代词时, 疑问部分主语多用they, 也可用he

a. Everyone knows his job, doesn’t he ? / Everyone knows their jobs, don’t they ?

③.陈述部分的主语是everything, nothing, something等表示物的不定代词时, 疑问部分的主语用it.

a. Everything goes very well, doesn’t it ?

④.陈述部分的主语是each时, 如果强调单个, 疑问部分的主语用单数代词; 如果强调全体, 疑问部分的主语用复数代词

a. Each of the students has his own desk, doesn’t he ?

b. Each of the students passed the exam, didn’t they ?

c. Each of the pens has a red cap, doesn’t it ?

⑤.陈述部分的主语是不定式, 动名词, 词组或从句时, 疑问部分的主语用it

a. To drive a car is not easy, is it ?

b. Seeing is believing, isn’t it ?

c. That you are leaving soon is true, isn’t it ?

⑥.陈述部分的主语是this , that, these, those时, 疑问部分的主语要用it 或they

a. This is very important, isn’t it ?

b. These are the books you bought yesterday, aren’t they ?

2.疑问部分的不完全动词与陈述部分的不完全动词的对应:

①.陈述部分没有不完全动词(即谓语中只有实义动词)时, 疑问部分用do的某形式来提问

a. He likes English very much, doesn’t he ?

b. He went to the cinema last Sunday, didn’t he ?

c. You have learned English for eight years, haven’t you ?

②.陈述部分的谓语是used to do(过去经常)时, 疑问部分既可用used, 也可用did提问

a. He used to live in London, usedn’t / didn’t he ?

③.若在陈述部分将need / dare / have作为不完全动词使用, 则疑问部分仍用need / dare / have提问; 若在陈述部分将need / dare / have作为实义动词来用, 则疑问部分用do的某一形式提问

a. We need to do it right now, don’t we ?

b. We needn’t do it right now, need we ?

c. You have finished your homework, haven’t you ?

d. You have a computer of you own, don’t you ?

④.陈述部分有must表示 “一定是, 肯定是”的推测意义时, 疑问部分不用must提问, 而要根据must所表示的时间, 用do / be的某一形式来提问, 具体对应情况见下表:

陈述部分谓语形式

含义

疑问部分用来提问的不完全动词

must do / be

一般情况或现在状态

do, am / is / are

must be doing

正在发生的情况

am / is / are

must have done

过去发生的情况

did

a. He must be a student in this school, isn’t he ?

b. You must be tired, aren’t you ?

c. They must be doing their lessons right now, aren’t they ?

d. You must have met him at the party yesterday, didn’t you ?

⑤.陈述部分有must表示“有必要”时, 疑问部分用needn’t提问

a. You must go home right now, needn’t you ?

3.其他问题:

①.陈述部分谓语出现有否定词缀的动词时, 疑问部分仍用否定结构

a. He is unfit for his office, isn’t he ?

②.陈述部分含有no, never, hardly, seldom, few, little, nowhere, nothing等否定词或半否定词时, 疑问部分要用肯定形式

a. He hardly knows English, does he ?

③.陈述部分的主语是I时, 疑问部分中否定常用aren’t I.

a. I am your friend, aren’t I ?

④.陈述部分是I ( don’t ) think / believe / suppose / expect that….(即“否定转移句”)时, 疑问部分要根据that引导的宾语从句来作

a. I think he can finish the work, can’t he ?

b. I don’t think he can finish the work, can he ?

陈述部分谓语形式含义疑问部分用来提问的不完全动词

must do / be一般情况或现在状态do, am / is / are

must be doing正在发生的情况am / is / are

must have done过去发生的情况did

a. He must be a student in this school, isn’t he ?

b. You must be tired, aren’t you ?

c. They must be doing their lessons right now, aren’t they ?

d. You must have met him at the party yesterday, didn’t you ?

⑤.陈述部分有must表示“有必要”时, 疑问部分用needn’t提问

a. You must go home right now, needn’t you ?

3.其他问题:

①.陈述部分谓语出现有否定词缀的动词时, 疑问部分仍用否定结构

a. He is unfit for his office, isn’t he ?

②.陈述部分含有no, never, hardly, seldom, few, little, nowhere, nothing等否定词或半否定词时, 疑问部分要用肯定形式

a. He hardly knows English, does he ?

③.陈述部分的主语是I时, 疑问部分中否定常用aren’t I.

a. I am your friend, aren’t I ?

④.陈述部分是I ( don’t ) think / believe / suppose / expect that….(即“否定转移句”)时, 疑问部分要根据that引导的宾语从句来作

a. I think he can finish the work, can’t he ?

b. I don’t think he can finish the work, can he ?

第二十章：直接引语与间接引语

一.直接引语与间接引语的转换:

1.直接引语是陈述句, 变成间接引语时将陈述句变成that引导的宾语从句

a. Mary said, “ I arrived yesterday.” =Mary said that she had arrived the day before.

b. Alice said, “ I’ve just got a letter from my father.” =Alice said that she had just got a letter from her father.

2.直接引语是一般疑问句, 变成间接引语时, 把一般疑问句变成由if / whether引导的宾语从句, 同时将语序改成陈述语序, said变成asked, asked后没有间接宾语时, 要加一个间接宾语如me / him /her等

a. Jane asked Tom, “ Have you finished writing the report ?” =Jane asked Tom if / whether he had finished writing the report.

b. Jane asked Dick, “ Have you finished writing the report ?” =Jane asked Dick if / whether he had finished writing the report.

3.直接引语是特殊疑问句, 变成间接引语时, 特殊疑问句变成由原疑问词引导的宾语从句, 同时变成陈述语序

a. “What are you doing Jack ?” Mary asked. =Mary asked him what he was doing.

b. They asked him, “ When do you harvest the wheat ?” =They asked him when he harvested the wheat.

c. “When did you leave Shanghai ?” Peter asked me. =Peter asked me when I left Shanghai.

4.直接引语是祈使句, 变成间接引语时, 把祈使句变成一个不定式短语, 同时根据不同的口气选用适当的谓语动词, 构成ask / tell / order sb (not) to do sth.的结构

a. “Don’t come late again.” he said. =He told me not to come late again.

b. “Turn the oil over, please.” He said. =He asked me to turn the soil over.

c. The farmer said, “ Don’t grow plants in the same place year after year.” =The farmer told me not to grow plants in the same place year after year.

二.应注意的问题: 在直接引语变成间接引语时要注意以下问题

1.人称代词, 物主代词要作相应的变化, 这方面的变化与汉语的习惯完全相同

a. He said, “ I like it very much.” =He said that he liked it very much.

b. He said, “ I have left my book in your room.” =He said he had left his book in my room.

2.时态的变化: 如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时, 直接引语变成间接引语时, 从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化(见下表); 如果主句的谓语动词是现在时, 从句的时态无需变化

直接引语间接引语

一般现在时He said, “ I am afraid I can’t finish this work”一般过去时He said that he was afraid he couldn’t finish that work

现在进行时He said, “ I am using the knife.”过去进行时He said that he was using the knife.

现在完成时She said, “ I have not heard from him since May.”过去完成时She said that she had not heard from him since May.

一般过去时He said, “ I came to help you.”过去完成时He said that he had come to help me.

过去完成时He said, “ I had finished my homework before supper.”过去完成时He said that he had finished his homework before supper.

一般将来时Zhou Lan said, “ I will do it after class.”过去将来时Zhou Lan said that she would do it after class.

些指示代词, 时间状语, 地点状语和动词要做相应的变化:

直接引语间接引语

this She said, “ I will come this morning.”thatShe said that she would go that morning.

theseHe said, “ These books are mine.”thoseHe said that those books were his.

nowHe said, “ It is nine o’clock now.”thenHe said that it was nine o’clock then.

todayHe said, “ I haven’t seen her today.”that dayHe said that he hadn’t seen her that day.

yesterdayShe said, “ I went there yesterday.”the day beforeShe said that she had gone there the day before.

tomorrowShe said, “ I will go there tomorrow.”the next / following dayShe said that she would go there the next day.

hereHe said, “ My sister was here three days ago.”thereHe said that his sister had been there three days before.

comeShe said, “ I will come here this evening.”goShe said that she would go there that evening.

agoHe said, “ I went there three days ago.”beforeHe said that he had gone there three days before.

last nightHe said, “ I saw the film last night.”the night beforeHe said that he had seen the film the night before.

next weekHe said, “ The meeting will be held next week.”the next weekHe said that the meeting would be held the next week.

4.直接引语如果是客观真理, 变为间接引语时, 时态不变, 如:

a. He said, “ Light travels much faster than sound.” =He said that light travels much faster than sound.

5.如果在当地转述, here不必改为there, come不必改为go, yesterday / tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变