高考英语总复习语法专项 冠词

2009-03-18 13:04 来源：互联网 作者：佚名 [打印] [评论]

不定冠词

不定冠词用于名词之前, 表示“一个” “一类”. a用于一般名词之前, an用于发音以元音音素开头的词之前(不是以元音字母开头), 如: an apple, an hour, a university.

一.不定冠词的用法:

1.第一次提到某人某事某物时, 用a / an起介绍作用

a. What is he? He is a teacher.

b. There is a new book on the table.

2.概括人或事物的整体, 表示一类, 即以其中的一个代表一类时用a / an

a. A bike is very useful in the countryside.

b. An elephant is stronger than a horse.

3.a / an用于某些词组, 是词组不可缺少的组成部分, 如: go out for a walk, a long time, a few, a mouthful, have a talk, as a result, in a hurry

4.a表示“每一”之意, 用于表示时间, 速度, 价格等意义的名词之前, 如: three times a day每天三次

a. The eggs are five yuan a dozen.

b. We have English lessons five times a week.

5.a用于抽象名词之前表示具体介绍. “a+抽象名词”起具体化的作用, 表示 “一个什么样的人/事/物”

a. This little boy is a joy to his parents.

b. This book is a great help to me.

c. The party is a great success.

d. It is a pleasure to talk with you.

6.用在称呼之前, 表示“某个”, 如: a Mr. Wang一个姓王的人

7.and连接两个名词, 若分别加a / an, 表示两个人或物; 若只在第一个名词前加a / an, 则表示一个人或物, 如: a black and white horse一匹黑白相间的马; a black and a white horse一匹黑马和一匹白马;

a. He a teacher and writer.他是位教师兼作家

8.在 “of a / an +名词” 结构中, a / an表示“同一个”意思, 相当于the same

a. He and I are of an age.他和我同龄

b. The two pairs of shoes are of a size.两双鞋同尺码

二.不定冠词的位置: 一般情况下, 不定冠词a / an位于其他形容词之前, 但在下列情况下, 不定冠词后移

1.a / an位于such, many, what, half等词之后

a. Half a month has passed.

b. He is such a nice man. / He is so nice a man.

2.在有些感叹句中, a / an位于形容词之后

a. How nice a man you are !

3.在形容词比较句中

a. He is as great a man as ever lived.

b. This is more valuable an idea than the others.

4.副词too, quite, rather等修饰形容词时, a位于该副词之后

a. That is quite a sudden change.

b. We got rather a surprising result. (也可以说: a rather surprising result)

定冠词

7.在表示方向, 方位等的名词前用the, 如: on the left, in the south, at the back of the classroom

8.在表示西洋乐器的名词前用the, 如: play the piano / the violin, 中国民族乐器前不用the, 如:

a. He played Erhu (二胡) very well.

9.形容词或副词最高级之前加the, 副词最高级前的the可以省略

a. Who does the homework (the) most carefully in your class?

b. Tom is the tallest of the three children.

10.在表示江, 河, 海洋, 海峡, 海湾, 群岛, 山脉的专有名词前加the, 如: the Yellow River, the Himalayas喜马拉雅山, the Red Sea红海, the Alps阿尔卑斯山, the Taiwan strait 台湾海峡

11.表示海岛, 山峰, 湖泊等的名词前一般不用the, 如: Taiwan island, Lake Michigan

12.在表示宇宙间独一无二的天体名词前用the, 如: the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth, the world

13.在表示报刊, 杂志, 会议, 条约的名词前用the, 如: the People’s Daily, the 15th Party Congress党的十五大, the Atlantic Pact大西洋条约, the Times

14.由普通名词构成的某些专有名词前要加the, 如: the Summer Palace, the Palace Museum, the Yanjin Hotel, the People’s Republic of China, the United Nations, the Chinese Communist Party

15.表示“某某一家人”或“某某夫妇” 的专有名词之前要加the

a. The Browns are at home to visitors today.

b. The Whites are going on a trip next week.

16.the + adj表示一类人, 如: the rich富人, the poor, the wounded伤者

17.the用于表示语法名称的名词前, 如: the past tense, the past participle, the gerund

18.the用在地名或人名前, 指“与该地该人相似的地方或人”

a. He is the Edison of today.他是现代的爱迪生

b. Shanghai is the New York of China.上海就是中国的纽约

19.用在形容词only, very (正是,恰是), same (同样的)等之前用the

a. She is the only girl in the family.

b. That is the very book I’ve been looking for.

c. We go to the same school.

20.在一些固定结构中, the用在表人的身体部位的名词前

a. Tom beat him in the face.

b. He took the boy by the hand.

c. The farmer led the cow by the nose.

21.用在表年代, 朝代, 时代的名词前, 如: the Tang Dynasty, the Spring and Autumn period春秋时期, in the 30’s

22.the +比较级表示两者当中“较…的那个”

a. Who is the more beautiful of the two girls ?