由“陈述句 + 附加疑问句”两部分构成。一般有两种形式：前肯后否或前否后肯。对附加疑问部分应注意以下几点： 1）主语只能用人称代词；2）附加疑问句的not必须与（be /助/情）缩写；3）附加疑问句的时态必须与陈述部分的时态一致。
eg.1)Tom is a work, isn’t Tom?(找错)_______
2)You can swim, can not you?(找错)______
3)He had lunch, doesn’t he?(找错)________
特别注意以下几种反意疑问句
1. 陈述部分含否定意味的词(few, little,
never, nothing, nobody, no, hardly, none)，附加疑问句应使用肯定形式（但前缀词unhappy, unlike, disappear等列外）
eg. They are unhappy, aren’t they?
2.陈述部分的主语是everything, something, nothing, anything时，附加疑问句的主语应用it；陈述部分的主语是everybody, somebody, nobody, everyone, no one时，附加疑问句的主语应用they。
eg.1)Everything is ready, ___________?
2)Everyone is here, ____________?
3.陈述部分是祈使句时，附加疑问句一般用：will you? 但注意：
Let’s … , shall we?
Let us … , will you?
4.陈述部分含must时，附加疑问句一般用needn’t.
eg. I must finish my work now, _________?
5.陈述部分是there be结构时，应用there be结构来完成。
eg. There’s little water, ___________
*6.陈述部分含宾语从句时，疑问部分通常与主句一致。但当主句的谓语动词是think, believe且主语是I , we时，即：
I / We think (believe) + 宾从，则附加问句应与从句一致。I’m sure + 宾从也是如此
eg.1)She said I did it, ____________?
2)We don’t think you are right, ________?
3)I’m sure you’ll help me, ____________?
*7.I’m… , aren’t I?
eg.I am older than you, __________?
8.陈述部分含had better, 疑问部分应用had better来回答。
eg. You’d better go out , ___________?
9.陈述部分是感叹句，附加问句的人称代词应与主语一致。
eg. 1)What a kind girl, __________?
2)What a fine day, ___________?
练 习
( )1.You had to work for 10 hours yesterday, _____?
A. didn’t you B. did not you
C. had not you D. did you
( )2.Don’t eat too much, ____?
A. will you B. don’t you C. do you D. can you
( )3.Lily looks like Lucy, ____?
A. is Lily B. isn’t she
C. does Lily D. doesn’t she
( )4.—You didn’t change your mind, did you
--- ______.
A. No, I didn’t B. Yes, did I
C. No, I did D. Yes, I didn’t
( )5.The woman hardly let her daughter go to school, ____ she ?
A. does B. doesn’t C. did D. didn’t
( )6.Be sure to come to the parents’ meeting on time, ____?
A. will you B. aren’t you
C. can’t you D. mustn’t you
( )7.Let’s have a good rest, ____?
A. will we B. do we
C. shalln’t we D. shall we
( )8.He has never ridden a horse before, ___?
A. does he B. has he
C. hasn’t he D. doesn’t
( )9.Tom has supper at school, ___?
A. hasn’t he B. has he
C. doesn’t he D. does he
( )10.There is little water in the glass, ___?
A. isn’t there B. isn’t it
C. is it D. is there
十六、简单句的五种句型
1.主语 + 不及物动词（主、谓结构）
eg. He is working.
2.主语+ 及物动词 + 宾语（主、谓、宾结构）
eg. We study English every day.
3.主语+ 连系动词 + 表语（主、系、表结构）
eg. Trees turn green.
常见的连系动词有：be ; become ; get ; turn ; feel ; look(看起来)；smell(闻起来); sound(听起来)；taste(尝起来)；seem(似乎).
特别注意：形容词常作表语
4.主语 + 及物动词 + 间宾（人）+ 直宾（物）
=主语+ 及物动词 + 直宾（物）+ to / for + 间宾（人）
常用的此类动词有：give ; pass ; show ; lend ; buy. 但buy与for连用
eg.1)I gave him a book.
= I gave a book to him.
2)My mother bought me a pen yesterday.
= My mother bought a pen for me.
5.主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾补
注意作宾补的词：1）名词（指宾语是谁/什么）；2）形容词；3）不定式；4）动词的ing 形式。
eg.1)We call him Jim.
2)We must keep the window open.
3)He told me to wash the plates.
4)I saw a thief going into your room.
特别注意：
1)动词不定式作宾补
A: ask / want / tell sb to do sth.
其否定式为：ask/want/tell sb not to do sth
2)省to不定式作宾补，即：
(l, m, n; 3h; 2看; 1f) sb do sth
l—let, m—make, n—notice; 3h—hear, have , help; 2看—see, watch; 1f—feel.
eg.1)The boss made the workers work 12 hours every day.
2)I often hear him sing.
2)区别省to不定式作宾补与动词ing形式作宾补.
hear / see sb do: 听见/看见某人做了某事
hear / see sb doing: 听见/看见某人在做某事
初中英语语法复习（8） 被 动 语 态
