高三英语知识点综合训练3
高考综合复习：Book 1 Unit 4---6
重点词汇与短语：
1.take place 发生
2.so---that 如此---以致于
3.sweep sb. down 冲倒
4.pull up 拽起，停车
5.hold on to 抓住，握住
6.get on one’s feet 站起来
7.go on a holiday 度假
8.far away from 远离
9.on fire 着火
10.such as 例如
11.travel agent 旅行社
12.be caught in 遭遇到
13.think twice 三思
14.think highly of 对---评价很高
15.stare at 盯着
16.leave out遗漏
17.take off 脱下，起飞
18.go wrong 出问题
19.in all 总之
20.on the air 广播
21.make jokes about开---的玩笑
22.play a role扮演角色
23.make money 挣钱
24.owe success to sb.把成功归功于某人
25.start with 以---开始
26.a thank-you letter 一封感谢信
27.introduce---to--- 将---介绍给---
28.make a good impression 留下好印象
29.the custom of toasting 敬酒的习俗
30.apologize to sb. for sth.因为某事向某人道歉
交际用语:
1.Well done! 做得好！
2.You can do it! 你能行！
3.Come on! 快点！
4.It scares me. 这让我害怕。
5.Keep trying! 再试试！
6.How do you like/find---? 你认为---怎么样？
7.What do you think of---? 你认为---怎么样？
8.Excuse me. 对不起。
9.Forgive me. 请原谅。
10.I’m (very/so/terribly) sorry. 十分抱歉。
11.I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to---. 对不起，我不是有意---。
12.That’s all right./ That’s OK./ No problem. 没关系。
知识点归纳:
1.advance
(1) v. 前进,推进,促进,提升
Napoleon’s army advanced towards Moscow. 那破仑的军队向莫斯科挺进了。
Two months has passed and the project has advanced.
两个月过去了，这项工程已有进展。
(2) n. 前进，进展
The commander ordered to halt the enemy’s advance. 司令下令阻止敌军前进。
He’s always paying attention to the advances in medical science.
他时刻注意着医学上的进步。
（3）in advance 预先，在---之前
I was given a month’s salary in advance. 我提前发了一个月的工资。
（4）advancedadj. 高级的，先进的
Einstein learned advanced mathematics all by himself at 13.
爱因斯坦13岁就能自学高等数学了。
Few scientists could understand his advanced theory at that time.
那时没几个科学家能理解他高深的理论。
2.seize vt.
(1) 抓住，捉住
The thief was seized by the police. 那个小偷被警察抓住了。
He seized me by the arm. 他抓住了我的胳膊。
(2) 抓住（时机）
If you get the opportunity to work abroad, you should seize it with both hands.
如果你有出国工作的机会，切勿放过。
Seize the day, seize the hour!
只争朝夕！
（3）（思想、感情等）支配人的头脑
The man was seized with panic. 这个人惊慌失措。
Uncontrollable laughter seized us. 我们不由自主地大笑起来了。
3.strike vt. vi. (struck, struck/stricken)
(1) 打，击，砍，敲
strike a blow 击出一拳
strike a match 划火柴
I wouldn’t dream of striking a woman. 我做梦也不会打女人。
He was so angry that he struck the table with his fist. 他气得用拳头砸桌子。
(2) 打中，击中；撞，触礁
A snow ball struck/hit him on the back of the head. 一个雪球打中了他的后脑勺。
Then my shovel struck against something metallic.
然后我的铲子碰到了一件像金属的东西。
（3）（某种想法）忽然出现；使（某人）突然意识到
It strikes sb. that--- 忽然意识到
be struck by--- 深受感动
The funny side of the affair suddenly struck her. 她突然意识到了事情可笑的一面。
We were struck by the generosity of even the poorest citizens.
使我们深受感动的是，甚至最贫穷的市民也慷慨大方。
（4） 给某人某种印象
---How did it strike you? 你觉得它如何？
---It struck me as strange at the time. 我当时觉得它很古怪。
（5）（钟）敲响
The church clock began to strike twelve. 教堂的钟开始敲12点。
(6) 突然袭击
When the snake strikes, its mouth opens wide.
蛇发起进攻时，嘴张得很大。
I fear an earthquake will strike this area again. 我担心地震会再次发生在这一地区。
(7) 罢工 （也可用做名词）
I’m sure the bus drivers will strike/ go on strike. 我确信公共汽车司机会罢工。
(8) strike, beat, hit, tap, knock
strike 常表示用力打或敲
hit有“撞击，袭击”之意，比strike稍弱一些，指一次性的打击或击中
beat 指连续多次的打，也指有节奏的击打，还可表示打败
tap指轻拍
knock 指敲打并伴有响声，还可表示打倒、撞翻
考题链接：
(1) It _____ her how quiet and gentle he was.
A. beat B. hit C. struck D. knock
(2) He sat quietly in the room, listening to the rain ____ against the window.
A. beating B. hitting C. striking D. knocking
答案 C A
分析 第一题表示“使某人忽然意识到”，用strike; 第二题表示连续敲打，用beat.
4.感官动词 see, hear, find, notice, watch + 宾语 +宾补
(1) 感官动词 + 宾语 +doing, 表示宾补的动作正在发生。
We can see parrots flying along the river. 我们可以看到鹦鹉在沿着河边飞翔。
I can feel my heart beating fast. 我可以感觉到我的心跳得很快。
(2) 感官动词 + 宾语 +do, 表示宾补的动作已经完成。
I saw him cross the street. 我看见他过了马路。
I didn’t notice you enter. 我没注意你进来了。
(3) 感官动词 + 宾语 +done, 表示宾语和宾补之间是被动关系。
I found his hands tied to a tree. 我发现他的双手被绑在树上。
He saw the girl bitten by the dog. 他看到那个女孩被狗咬了。
5.fight
(1) vt. 和---作战
We are fighting pollution now. 我们正在和污染作斗争。
(2) vi.
fight against 为反对---而斗争
The slaves fought against the slavery. 奴隶们为推翻奴隶制度而战。
fight for 为（争取）---而斗争
He called on the slaves to fight for freedom. 他号召奴隶们为自由而战。
fight with 同---一起战斗，与---战斗
France fought with Germany in that war. 在那场战争中法国对德国作战。
fight over 因为---而争吵
The twin sisters always fight over toys. 这对双胞胎姐妹经常因为玩具而争吵。
(3) n. 战斗，搏斗
This film is about people’s fight for right. 这部电影反映了人民争取自己权利的斗争。
Our country has started a fight against corruption. 我国已经开始了一场反腐败斗争。
(4) fight, war, battle, struggle
fight 意为“战争”，指战争的动作。
They fought back in self-defence. 他们进行了自卫还击。
war 指全面战争，包含多次。
We experienced two world wars in the last century.
上个世纪我们经历了两次世界大战。
battle 战役，指大的、连续数小时数天的战争。
the battle of Waterloo 滑铁卢战役
struggle 指较长时间的激烈的争斗，常指肉体、精神上的战斗。
They had to struggle for their freedom. 他们不得不为自由而战。
The army struggled against Japanese Imperialist. 这部队与日本帝国主义作斗争。
6.take place, happen, break out
take place 多表示按计划或规定要发生的事情。
happen 常用词，有偶然发生之意。
break out 常指战争、火灾和疾病的爆发。
三个词组都为不及物动词，没有被动语态。
A fire broke out in his house last night. 昨晚他家里失火了。
He was in French when the Second World War broke out. 二战爆发时他在法国。
When did the traffic accident happen?交通事故是什么时候发生的？
Something strange has happened to the chemistry teacher. 化学老师出了点奇怪的事情。
When will the sports meet take place? 运动会什么时候举行？
Great changes have taken place in his hometown since 1980.
从1980年以来他的家乡发生了巨变。
7.destroy vt.破坏，毁灭，毁掉
The school was completely destroyed by fire. 学校被大火彻底烧毁了。
That accident destroyed her ballet career. 那次事故毁掉了她的芭蕾生涯。
destroy表示彻底毁掉，也可用于抽象意义，可指人或物。
damage 通常指车辆、房屋、庄稼等无生命物体受到损伤或毁坏，但往往可以修复。可用作名词。
ruin 表示毁坏某种好的或有用的东西。
The chemical rain damages trees in the forests. 酸雨损害了森林中的树木。
The precious painting was ruined by spilt milk. 洒出来的牛奶毁坏了那幅珍贵的画。
The storm caused great damage to the crops. 这场风暴给庄稼造成了很大的损害。
8.award
(1) 可数名词，主要指“奖品，奖赏，奖金”，有时也指“报酬，工资”。
Meryl Streep won the best actress award. 梅丽尔斯特里普获最佳女演员奖。
The Olympic winner received a gold medal as an award. 奥运会冠军的奖品是一枚金牌。
The nurses’ pay award was not as much as they had expected.
护士的工资远没有她们预想的那么多。
(2) vt. 给予，授予，判给
Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize for his work in quantum physics.
爱因斯坦因在量子物理学方面的成就而被授予诺贝尔奖。
The university awarded her a scholarship. 那所大学给她发了奖学金。
(3) priz 主要用于表示“获得几等奖”或“获奖金额”，常说
win a prize for---
award sb. a prize
reward 可用做名词或动词，指“报答，报偿，奖赏”。
考题链接：
It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to ____.
A. rewards B. prizes C. awards D. results
答案 A
分析 该句意思为“人们普遍认为小孩子学会做事是因为这些行为会带来奖赏/回报”。
9.owe vt.
(1)欠（债）
If he has borrowed some money from her, and has not paid her back, he owes her the money.
如果他借了她的钱没归还，他就欠她钱。
How much do I owe you? 我欠你多少钱？
We owe our parents a lot. 我们对父母感激不尽。
(2) owe sth. to sb. 感激，把---归功于---
He owes his success to our help. 他把成功归功于我们的帮助。
We owe a great deal to our parents and teachers. 我们深受父母及师长之恩。
I owe it to you that I am still alive. 我现在还活着，应该感激你。
(3) owing to由于，因为
Owing to the rain they could not come. 因为下雨，他们不能来。
Owing to the drought, crops are short. 因为天旱，收成不好。
10.live adj. 活的，生动的，精力充沛的，实况转播的
It wasn’t a recorded show; it was live. 这不是录像，是实况转播。
They gave live broadcast while the performances were in process on the stage.
当演出在舞台上进行时他们进行了实况转播。
The concert will be broadcast live. 这次演唱会将进行实况转播。
That is a live fish. 那是一条活鱼。
The laboratory is conducting experiments with a dozen live monkeys.
该实验室在用十多只活猴子进行实验。
She is a live woman. 她是一位精力充沛的女人。
live 当“活的”讲时，只修饰动物，如a live mouse, a live snake
11.take off
(1) 脱掉，摘掉（反义词为put on）
I forgot to take off my make-up last night. 我昨天晚上忘了卸妆。
He took off his coat and went to sleep. 他脱下外衣睡觉了。
(2) (飞机)起飞，起跑
As the plane was taking off, I remembered I didn’t turn the iron off.
飞机起飞时，我才想起我没有切断熨斗的电源。
When we went to the airport, the plane had taken off. 我们到机场时，飞机已经起飞了。
(3) 休假，一般说take some time off
I’m taking Thursday off to do some Christmas shopping.
我周四要休假去买一些圣诞礼物。
(4) 开始成功，成名
I hear the business is really taking off. 我听说生意真的开始兴隆了。
Spielberg’s career really took off when he began to shoot his short films.
斯皮尔伯格开始从事短片拍摄时，他的事业真正腾飞了。
(5) take in 吸收，理解；收留
take back 使回忆起；追回
take over 接管，接任
take up 开始从事；占去（时间、空间）；拿起（武器）
高考链接：
(1)It is certain that he will ______ his business to his son when he gets old. (福建2004)
A. take over B. think over C. hand over D. go over
(2)Helen always helps her mother even though going to school ______ most of her day.
(广东2004)
A. takes up B. makes up C. saves up D. puts up
答案
(1) C hand sth. over to sb. “把---传给某人”
(2) A take up “占用时间”
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