中考英语语法:短文填空题应对方略

短文填空题应对方略

一、题型特征

短文填空是近年来许多省市英语中考中普遍采用的一种测试题型。它所涉及的知识面广,灵活性高,综合性也很强。它主要考查学生对知识应用的熟练程度,对语言的迁移能力和对语言信息的综合处理能力,反映出学生的英语素质。该题型一般是在一篇短文中留出10个空白处,根据短文的内容以及上下文的意思,在空白处填入意思、语法都正确的单词,一空只能填一词。由于没有选项的提示,因此它比完形填空的难度要大得多。短文填空是近年来重庆市中考英语试题中难度最大,区分度最高的题型。短文的题材很广泛,有故事、文化习俗、科普小品、体育等。考试一般都选取学生比较熟悉的材料,常考查《大纲》范围内的动词、介词、形容词和副词的级、名词的数、习惯用语的搭配等。

二、解题技巧

其解题方法是:第一遍通读全文,对文章内容有个整体的认识,了解大意;第二遍通读全文,根据上下文的内容来确定所需词的词义,再根据语法以及整体逻辑关系,了解所需词的词性,填入大部分所需词汇;第三遍通读全文,对于很难找到恰当词的空白处,不能只看该空的那一个句子,而是要根据上下文的提示,根据全文大意,并结合英美人的习惯表达,来确定这些少数未填入的词汇;最后是复查答案,将短文再完整的读一遍,检查全文是否通顺,上下文是否意思连贯,形式是否正确。

例题

Mr Brown had an umbrella shop in a small town. People sometimes 1 him broken umbrellas, and then he took them to a big shop in London. They were 2 there.

One day Mr Brown went to London by train. He 3 to take an umbrella with him that day. Sitting in front of him was a man with an umbrella standing 4 the seat. When the train arrived in London, Mr Brown 5 up the umbrella as he often did during his journey by train. Just as he was getting off, he was 6 by the man. He said angrily, “That’s 7 !” Mr Brown’ s face turned red and he gave it back to the man at once.

When Mr Brown got to the big shop, the shopkeeper had got his six umbrellas ready. After a good look at 8 of them, he said, “You’ve mended them very well.”

In the afternoon he got into the train again. The 9 man was in the same seat. He looked at Mr Brown and his six umbrellas, “You’ve had a 10 day,” he said.

解析

这是一篇伞店老板Mr Brown在火车上发生的故事,是叙述类文章。所填的词汇都是《大纲》范围内要求的常规词汇,因此难度不是很大。学生应在短文语境中对有用的信息进行推敲,结合整篇文章的内容,确定所需词汇。通读全文,了解大意。再读全文,确定所需词的词义和词性,1题为动词,因为该句无谓语,意思是“带来”或“给”,所以填brought或gave, 2题为动词,由于该句是被动语态,意思是“被修理”,填mended或fixed或repaired, 3题为动词,由空前主语和空后的动词不定式决定,根据下文判断意思是“忘记”,填forgot, 4题为介词,由语境决定的,意思是“在座位旁边”,填beside或near, 5题为动词,意思是“拾起”,恰好是词组pick up,故事发生在过去,所以填picked, 6题为动词,由于句子是被动语态,填stopped, 7题为名词性物主代词,由于句子是主系表结构,意思是“我的”,填mine, 8题为代词,由后面的of结构决定的,指“每一把或者说全部”,用each或者all, 9题为形容词,由于它修饰的是名词,指“相同的”,用same, 10题为形容词,由于它修饰的是名词,指“幸运的或好的”,用lucky或者good 。 在完成大部分空的情况下,再通读全文,完成其中较难的空,例如其中的3题和8题。我们做短文填空容易犯错是由于填空时只考虑了单个的句子,而没有注重根据上下文提供的信息去仔细的推敲,有时全文都理解得不错,但却没有注意到单词的词性变化,动词的时态变化等导致错误。

因此,我们在平时就要注意培养短文填空的能力。平时要多听、多读、多练来培养英语语感,注重语言的综合应用能力的训练,增强自己的逻辑推理能力,尤其要不断地提高在一定的语境下综合运用语言的能力。这样,就不难解答短文填空题了。

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