中考英语语法:中考复习策略24

中考复习策略24

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large ?

[误] He found a large number of mistake in his homework.?

[正] He found a large number of mistakes in his homework.?

[析] "a large number of + 复数名词",意为大量的。?

last ?

[误] This is the newest news.?

[正] This is the latest news.?

[析] "最新消息"应为latest news,因为最晚到的新闻才是最新消息,请注意英语与汉语的区别。?

last the last ?

[误] I saw my brother the last week.?

[正] I saw my brother last week.?

[析] 当谈到与目前有关的上月、上星期等概念时只能用last month, last week, 而不能加定冠词,the last 可用于表示一系列词的最后一个,如: That was the last Christmas I spent at home. 但the last可以用来表示持续到现在的一个长时期,如: I am busy for the last week.?

late ?

[误] Yesterday I went home lately.?

[正] Yesterday I went home late.?

[析] late即可做形容词又可作副词;而lately则意为"最近的",如: I haven't seen her lately.?

late latter later lately ?

late有两个比较级,指时间较晚应用later,如口语中常讲: See you later. (一会见。)而latter则指按顺序讲的后者,或靠后的,其反意词为former,如: the former president(前总统)。又如: I can understand the latter part of the story. 而lately则意为"近来"、"不久前"。?laughed at by his classmates. 中的at是不可省掉的。?laugh over 则指"笑着谈论"某事,如 We laugh over the film. (我们笑着谈论那个电影。)?

lay ?

[误] We lied on the beach.?

[正] We lay on the beach.?

[析] 英文中有三个动词易混,在考试中也频频出现,它们的现在式,过去式,过去分词以及现在分词是: ?

lay (?vt?. 放) laid laid laying?

lie(?vi?. 躺) lay lain cying?

lie(?vi?. 说谎) lied lied lying?

learn ?

[误] The teacher said:"You must study this poem by heart."?

[正] The teacher said:"You must learn this poem by heart."?

[析] study与learn在作"学习"讲时,常常可以互换,但learn侧重于学习成果或初级阶段的模仿性学习,如:The little baby is learning to walk. 而study则多侧重于学习的过程,如: I'm studying at this college. 而learn…by heart则是"记住"、"背诵"之意。?

leave ?

[误] I'll leave Beijing to Shanghai.?

[正] I'll leave Beijing for Shanghai.?

[析] leave for一词组为"去某地",如对话中常讲I'll leave for Shanghai. 因所离开的地点是双方都知道的则可以省略。?

leave forget ?

[误] I've forgotten my homework at home.?

[正] I've forgotten my homework.?

[正] I've left my homework at home.?

[析] 如果句中有地点状语则不要用forget, 而要用leave.?

lesson ?

[误] I have two lessons of English.?

[正] I have two English lessons.?

[正] I have two lessons in English.?

[析] "我有两节英语课。"这一表达法如上,但美国老师讲他有两节课时则多用"I have two classes."?teach somebody a lesson 为"教训某人",或"要吸取教训",如: Let this thing teaches you a lesson.?

lend ?

[误] Please borrow me your bike.?

[正] Please lend me your bike.?

[析] borrow是指"借入",如: I want to borrow some books from the library. lend 是"借出",如: I can lend you my bike. 而keep为"借多久": 如 How long can I keep it??

less ?

[误] He has fewer money than she has.?

[正] He has less money than she has.?

[析] less是little的比较级,而fewer是few的比较级。要注意前者修饰不可数名词,而后者修饰可数名词。?

let ?

[误] The teacher lets the students clean the classroom as a punishment.?

[正] The teacher makes the students clean the classroom as a punishment.?

[析] 虽然let, have, make有相同的用法,但make和have含有迫使某人做某事的意思。

[误] Let's go to the park, will you??

[正] Let's go to the park, shall we??

[误] Let us go to the park, shall we??

[正] Let us go to the park, will you??

[析] Let's go的反意疑问句是shall we?而Let us go的反意疑问句则是will you??

life ?

[误] Many people lost their life in the Second World War.?

[正] Many People lost their lives in the Second World War.?

[析] life作为"生命"、"性命"时应为可数名词;当泛指一般"生活"讲时则为不可数名词,如: Which do you prefer, town life or country life? 又如: Life is not all fun.?

light ?

[误] There is a desk with a lit lamp on it.?

[正] There is a desk with a lighted lamp on it.?

[析] light有两个过去分词: lighted和lit,当用过去分词作形容词当定语时只能用lighted.?light可以用作名词,如: The moon gets its light from the sun. 也可以作形容词,如: The classroom is very light. 还可以作动词,如: The little girl lit a match. 作形容词时还有"轻"、"浅"等意,如: This box is light. I like light blue.?

like ?

[误] My sister is very as me.?

[正] My sister is very like me.?

[析] as 作为连词其后要接从句,如: She is a good student as his brother used to be. 而like是介词,其后接宾语。?

[误] Do you like swimming with me tonight.?

[正] Would you like to swim with me tonight.?

[析] like作为动词当"喜欢"讲时,其后面可接不定式也可接动名词,用不定式多表达一个一次性的动作,如: I'm sorry I don't like to go swimming tonight. 用动名词则表示一个习惯性的动作,如: I like swimming very much.?

like alike ?

作为形容词,alike 一般不作定语,而只作表语,如; The twins are very alike.?

[误] Would you like swimming with us??

[正] Would you like to swim with us??

[析] 在would you like…这一句型中,其后面只能接不定式,而不能接动名词。?like的用法还要注意以下两点: ① He likes Tom. 为"他喜欢汤姆。"② He is like Tom. 为"他像汤姆。"第二句话的like为介词,而第一句话的like为动词。?

listen ?

[误] You should hear the teahcer's advice.?

[正] You should listen to the teacher's advice.?

[析] hear多侧重于听到某事或某种声音,而listen to则侧重于听的倾向性。如: We listen but hear nothing. 例句为"听取某人意见",所以只能用listen to someone's advice.?

little ?

[误] Don't worry, there is little time.?

[正] Don't worry, there is a little time.?

[误] There is a little water. Shall I get some??

[正] There is little water. Shall I get some??

[析] 要注意中英文在同一问题上的表达法是不同的。如中文"水不多了,我去取点吧。"英文要讲"没水了,我去取点吧。"?

little small ?

little与small是近义词,在作定语时常常可以互换,如: a little girl或a small girl,但little一般不作表语,如: The car over there is small. 一句中不要用little. 作定语时little常常带有感情色彩,而small则带有对比的含义。?

live ?

[误] Tom lives with his parents' money.?

[正] Tom lives on his parents' money.?

[误] He lives on teaching.?

[正] He lives by teaching.?

[析] "靠吃某物为生"应用live on something, 而live by是"靠某种生活手段为生"。?

living alive ?

living侧重于生活得很好,身体不错,如: My grandfather is still living in his eighties. 而alive则强调没有死而是活着的,如: Is that cat alive or dead??

lonely ?

[误] She wanted to do her homework lonely.?

[正] She wanted to do her homework alone.?

[析] lonely意为"寂寞的"、"孤单的",如: The old man felt lonely. alone则意为"独自的"、"单独的",如: He lives alone but he doesn't feel lonely.

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long ?

[误] I have been studying long for the exam.?

[正] I have been studying for a long time for the exam.?

[析] long用作表达时间的副词时,在否定句及疑问句中最常用,但在肯定句中除与so, too, as…as连用外,一般要用for a long time.?

[误] I'll call you as long as the book will be returned.?

[正] I'll call you as long as the book is returned.?

[析] as…as引导的状语从句中可以用一般现在时表示将来。?

[误] How long do you go to see your parents? Once a week.?

[正] How often do you go to see your parents? Once a week.?

[析] 因为答语为每周一次所以问的是频率,要用how often.

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look ?

look for find ?

look for 侧重于 "寻找"这个动作,如: What are you looking for? 而find则侧重于结果,如: It is very difficult to find a job. 这里不能用look for,因为真正困难的是"找到"工作。?

其他用法还有:?

[例] He often looks back on his high?school days.?

[析] look back on something 为"回顾"、"回想"。?

[例] I wish you wouldn't look down on (upon) the children's work.?

[析] look down on (upon) 为"看不起"某人或某事。?

[误] I'm looking forward to see you.?

[正] I'm looking forward to seeing you.?

[析] look forward to词组中的to是介词,所以其后要加名词或动名词,不能接不定式。?

lot ?

[误] I can buy this dictionary now, because I have got much money.?

[正] I can buy this dictionary now because I have got a lot of money.?

[析] much money多用于疑问句与否定句中,而在肯定句中要用a lot of.?lots of与a lot of之间无多大区别,两者都可以修饰可数与不可数名词,所以常常可以互换。?

[误] He is more happier now.?

[正] He is a lot happier now.?

[析] 不可用more来修饰比较级,能修饰比较级的词有very much, a lot, lots, any, no, rather, a little, a bit等。?

loud loudly ?

这两个词含意相同,在日常用语中loud多与talk,speak, shout, laugh等动词连用,如:Don't speak so loud, you'll wake the baby. 而在比较正式的场合才用loudly.?

loud aloud ?

loud多指把声音放大,而aloud则指要出声不要默读。如:?-What did you say??-Oh, nothing, I was just think aloud. (我只不过自言自语。)?

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