一知识概要 ?
由于英语国家的语言习惯与中国的语言习惯有许多不同之处，所以造成了许多同学在做选择或书写，或与人交谈中造成误用中国方式来对英语的问句作解答。例如一个小女孩十分好看，可爱，外国人见到时会讲： You are so beautiful? 这时的答语应该是 Thank you? 如果外国人发现你的英语不错，他们会讲： Your English is very good? 这时中国人常常会说：不，我说的不好。这纯是一种礼貌的答语，但是不符合英语习惯。它正确的答语应是 Thank you? 虽然交际英语有一些规律可讲，但更重要的是学习外国的生活习惯，了解他们的文化背景，历史渊源，这样才能真正的学好一门外语。??
二正误辨析 ?
［误］ - What can I do for you??
- Yes， please help me? ?
［正］ - What can I do for you??
- I'd like to buy a sweater? ?
［析］ What can I do for you? 这一问语实际上用于的情景很多，要根据具体情况而定。如在商店中售货员讲这句话应译为：您想要点什么?在其他场合也可以被译为：我能为您做些什么?它的答语应是直接讲出想让对方提供的帮助。?
［误］ - Which colour do you like??
- Sorry， I don't like? ?
［正］ - Which colour do you like??
- I prefer blue? ?
［析］ 由 which 来提问的问句是要回答具体的选择，而不能泛指，泛泛的回答。如 Yes， I like it
［误］ Do you like to come with us tonight? ?
［正］ Would you like to come with us tonight? ?
［析］ Do you like … 问的是对方的习惯，如： Do you like swimming? Do you like collecting stamps? 而 would you like … 则是一次性的邀请、提议。邀请的英语表达法还有如下几种：?
Shall we go? 我们走吧!?
Let's go? 让我们走吧!?
How about having a cup of tea? 喝杯茶如何??
What about a cup of coffee? 喝杯咖啡如何??
Why not buy it? 为什么不买呢??
其肯定答语一般为Certainly， Yes， O．Ｋ．All right， With pleasure??
［误］ Sorry， I've kept you waiting??
Not at all? ?
［正］ Sorry， I've kept you waiting??
Never mind? ?
［析］ "介意不介意"这一问法与答语在中英文中有所不同。如：?
- Do you mind my smoking here??- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ?
Ａ．Yes， do it please??
Ｂ．No， of course not??
Ｃ．Yes， take it please??
Ｄ．No， you can't take it??
这时正确的选择应是B。 其意为：不介意，当然不。而A选项则自相矛盾了，它应译为：是的我介意，请抽吧。而D选项是：不介意，你不能抽。当向对方争求意见时，可以有以下问法：
Do you mind if I open the door??
Would you mind mailing the letter for me??
其答语如果是同意应为： Certainly not， not at all?
而不同意时应为 Yes， 或 I'm sorry??
［误］ What's that man??
He is Mike? ?
［正］ What's that man??
He is a teacher? ?
［正］ Who's that man??
He is Mike? (He is Mike's father?) ?
［析］ 由 what 提问是问的职业，由 who 提问问的是姓名或身份。?
［误］ - How much are they??
- Half a kilo， please? ?
［正］ - How many bananas do you want??
- Half a kilo? Please? ?
［析］ How much are they? 问的是价格而不是实际物品的多少。?
［误］ I'm sorry， but is this the way to the park? ?
［正］ Excuse me， but is this the way to the park? ?
［析］ I'm sorry 是对已经做错了的事向对方道歉时的开始语。而 Excuse me? 是在打扰对方之前表达歉意的话。?
［误］ - Have a good time tonight!?
- You are the same? ?
［正］ - Have a good time tonight!?
- The same to you? ?
［析］ The same to you 是表达我也祝您有个愉快的夜晚，它是美语中的习惯用法。?
［误］ - What's the problem??
- I've got a headache? ?
［正］ What's wrong with you??
I've got a headache? ?
［析］ What's wrong with you? 是询问对方身体状态如何，而 What's the problem?是问对方遇到了什么麻烦。?
［误］ - Now， I'm back? Can I play??
- Perhaps? You'd better do your homework first? ?
［正］ - Now， I'm back? Can I play??
- I'm afraid not? You'd better do your homework first? ?
［析］ Perhaps 是表示对一种拿不准的事态的推论，如： Am I right? Perhaps?而 I'm afraid not? 则表达一种不同意的态度。 be afraid 的几种用法有：?
I'm afraid that you are right??
其后直接加宾语从句。?
- Will you come to my birthday party??
- I'm afraid not? I have to go to see my father? He is in hospital??
其后＋not，表示否定。?
- Sorry， I don't want to go there alone， I'm afraid of the dog??
其后＋名词，表示对某人，某物的害怕。?
Mary is afraid of making mistakes in the exam??
其后＋ of ＋ 动名词，表示害怕做某事。?
Mary is afraid to see the teacher because she didn't do well in the exam??
其后＋ 不定式，表示不敢去做某事。?
［误］ - How soon will you be ready??
- Two days? ?
［正］ - How soon will you be ready??
- In two days? ?
［析］ 此题关键是要根据情景，身临其境，要注意的是对方问了什么，就应答什么。或答了什么就应问什么。 How soon 问的是"还有多久才能作完"，这时要用 in two days， 即在两小时之内即可以作完。如用 How long 提问，则答语可以用 two days。?
［误］ - Would you mind if I have some time off??
- I don't mind??
- Monday and Tuesday of next week? ?
［正］ - Would you mind if I have some time off??
- When exactly??
- Monday and Tuesday of next week? ?
［析］ 有的对话是复杂的，稍有不慎就有可能选错，而且英语中如选错了答案是不容易找出错来的。 I don't mind 是可以用来回答 Would you mind…这一提问的，但如仔细看一看则会发现我们要选用的不是陈述句而是疑问句。根据下面一句的答语来判定要用 when exactly? 什么时间，这样才能与下句中具体的时间相符合。?
［误］ Suppose your name is Tom? The phone rings and you pick it up? The first word you say will probably be "Who are you?" ?
［正］ Suppose your name is Tom? The phone rings and you pick it up? The first word you say will probably be "Hello? This is Tom speaking?" ?
［析］ 在英语学习中，习惯用法实际上在某种情况，或某种意义上讲比语法更为重要。如果只从句子的角度上去分析，它们可能都是对的。比如，当你拿起电话时，如果你想知道对方是谁，可以问"Who's that(speaking)?"但不要讲"Who are you?"如果你想先介绍一下自己可以讲"This is ×××× speaking"而不要讲"I'm××××"也不要讲"My name is ×××××．"就语法而论，"Who are you?" "I'm ××××?""My name is ×××××?"并不错，也是英语中可用的句子，但就打电话这一场合，就不宜用了。?
［误］ - Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend??
- I don't hope so? ?
［正］ - Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend??
- I hope not? ?
［析］ 由于初学者对实际英语口语中表达感情意愿的答语不熟悉，如在肯定答语中 I think so? I hope so? I believe so? 是相同的，但在否定句中却常用 I don't think so? 但I don't believe so? 和 I don't hope so? 则意为：我不信此事和我不希望此事发生。而 I believe not? 和 I hope not? 则为：我想可能不会发生吧!?
［误］ - Is anybody there??
- No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave? ?
［正］ - Is everybody there??
- No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave? ?
［析］ 许多学生在写作和选择答语或问句时总要语法在前，而不是习惯用语在先。所以总是要拘泥疑问句中的不定代词，用 anybody。 但是Is anybody there? 在英语中为：这里有人吗?而Is everybody there?为：全都到齐了吗?所以首先要考虑的是其答语。 No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave??
［误］ - Your handwriting is very good!?
- No， my handwriting is very poor? ?
［正］ - Your handwriting is very good!?
- Thank you? ?
［析］ 中国人遇到别人称赞，总是以谦逊为美德。但英美人则往往认为自信是美德。所以当别人夸奖你或赞美你时，就应说： Thank you? 又比如中国人见面时常讲 Where are you going? 或 Have you had your breakfast yet?而英美人则认为你过多的干预别人的私生活了。而他们见面时往往问一些无关紧要的话，如： Hello! How are you going? (你过得怎样) Morning! 等。而 good morning? 和 How do you do? 则被认为是较正规的问候语，在日常生活中则十分少见。?
［误］ When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say： "Excuse me? I'll go first?" ?
［正］ When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say： "Excuse me? I have to go?" ?
［析］ 这两句答语都是正确的，其关键不是语法，而是习惯问题。如果在这样的场合你讲 I'll go first? 朋友们会迷惑不解，而 I have to go? 则表示由于外界的特殊原因而造成的你要离去，而你本人则十分不愿做此事。?
［误］ - Would you like to come to dinner tonight??
- I'd like to， and I'm too busy? ?
［正］ - Would you like to come to dinner tonight??
- I'd like to， but I'm too busy? ?
［析］ I'm too busy? 与 I'd like to? 在意义上正好相反。所以要用转折连词。这里考查了对词义合乎逻辑的表达能力。所以要强调语言环境，更要强调在语言的基础上的词语辨析。?
［误］ - Where's Deter??
- Deter will come with us tonight but he isn't very sure yet? ?
［正］ - Where's Deter??
- Deter may come with us tonight but he isn't very sure yet? ?
［析］ 由于 but 所引出的句子可以看出 Deter 的来与不来是十分不确定的，所以应用 may 来表达一个不肯定的事件。?
［误］ - Hi， haven't seen you for ages! You look fine!?
- Great? You look well too? ?
［正］ - Hi， haven't seen you for ages! You look fine!?
- Thanks? You look well too? ?
［析］ 要注意的是 Great 在口语中多表示惊叹，而 Thanks 则表示感谢对方的称赞。?所以对情景谈话要有准确的判定，要根据情景，身临其境，上下对照，周密思考，弄清场合，注意英美人的风俗习惯，注重语义上的词语辨析，并要进行大量的语言实践练习，扩大实际交际能力。?
三例题解析 ?
1? - Would you like to have some rice??
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?
A?Yes， I like B?Yes， please C?of course D?Yes， I have
?
［答案］ B.?
［析］ 当对方对你发出邀请的问语时，如果你想接受则讲 Yes， please? 如不想接受则用No， thanks??
2? - Nice to see you?
?- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?
A?Good morning B?Happy to meet you， too ?
C?Nice to see you， too D?Pleased to meet you， too
?
［答案］ C.?
［析］ 虽然A、B、D三个选项都可以作为某种问候语的答语，但英语中问候语的答语多用重复对方的话，以表达同样的心情。?
3? - Would you please give me some water??
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?
A?Yes， I would B?Certainly C?No， thanks D?Yes， please
?
［答案］ B.?
［析］ 当对方发出十分礼貌的请求帮助的问语时，一般的回答是肯定的。而Yes， please? 为"是的，您请做某事吧"。这一含意显然不对。?
4? - Thank you very much for helping me??
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?
A?You're welcome B?It doesn't matter
C?No need D?Don't say that
?
［答案］ A.?
［析］ You're welcome 译为中文为：不用谢。而 It doesn't matter 则为：没关系。?
5? - Hello， Lucy? How are you??
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ And you??
A?Fine， thanks B?Yes， I am
C?Glad to meet you D?Good afternoon
?
［答案］ A.?
［析］ 在正常交往中一定要避免所问非所答。所以对 How are you? 的答语应为"很好，谢谢!"?
6? - Help yourself to some meat??
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ?
A?It sounds nice． B?Yes， please． ?
C?Yes， Let's help each other． D?Thank you．
?
［答案］ D.?
［析］ Help yourself to some meat． 你自己拿些肉吃吧。其意为主人劝客人不要客气，像在家里一样。?
7? - Oh， I am not feeling well? I've got a cold??
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ?
A?Fine， How are you? B?Never mind? Take care ?
C?Well， I 'm sure to get weel soon． D?I'm sorry to hear that?
?
［答案］ D.?
［析］ 这是美国、英国的习惯用语，而B、 C则是中国人常讲的答语。?
8? - Meimei you speak English very well??
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?
A?No， I don't think so B?Thank you very much?
C?Not good enough D?That's all right
?
［答案］ B.?
9? - "Kate， could you answer the telephone， please?"?
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ , Mum? I'll get it．?
A?Yes， I could B?No， thanks ?
C?O?K? D?Yes， but I have no time
?
［答案］ C.?
［析］ 要注意 could 用于口语中是为了讲话的口气委婉，但它不是过去时态，也不是助动词，而应看作情态动词。所以在答语中则不应这样用。?
10? - Could you look after Polly for me while we're away??
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ?
A?No， thanks． B?With pleasure． ?
C?I'm not afraid． D?I'm sure you will．
?
［答案］ B.?
［析］ With pleasure? 是英语中的一句十分客气的答语，用在当对方因你的帮助或你的许诺向你道谢时，表达自己十分乐意为对方效力的口气。
11? - Hello! Could I speak to the headmaster， please??
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ?
A?Hold on， please． B?That's the headmaster， please． ?
C?Who are you ? please． D?Sorry? I'm not the headmaster．
?
［答案］ A.?
［析］ hold on， please? 是指请对方等一等不要将电话放下的用语。如果要讲我就是的话不能用 that， 而要用 this， 在电话用语中 that 指对方， this 指自己。?
12? - Happy birthday!?
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ?
A?Thank you． B?The same to you． ?
C?Good luck． D?Congratulations．
?
［答案］ A.?
［析］ the same to you 是同样祝贺对方的意思，不能用于生日这一祝贺语，除非两人的生日在同一天。?
13? - I'm sorry I don't know the way， either? You'd better ask that policeman for help??
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ?
A?Good night． B?That's nothing． ?
C?Very well． D?Thank you all the same．
?
［答案］ D.?
［析］ 当向对方求助时，对方无能为力，这时的感谢语则为 Thank you all the same? 意为不管如何还是要谢谢你。?
14? - I fell and hurt my leg last week， So I can't do anything??
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?
A?I'm sorry B?Don't worry
C?Good luck D?Bad luck
?
［答案］ D.?
［析］ 如果用A则要用 I'm sorry to hear that?而不能单用 I'm sorry? 因I'm sorry 是向对方道歉。而 bad luck 为真是不幸啊。?
15? - ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ?
- I have got a cough??
A?What's your trouble? B?What have you got? ?
C?Why did you come here? D?Have you got a cough?
?
［答案］ A.?
［析］ What's your trouble? 多用于问对方有什么问题、麻烦或得了什么病。这种用语还有 What's wrong with you??
16? - Would you like to go shopping with me??
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ?
A?Yes， I'd love to． B?That's right．
C?Yes， please． D?Quite well．
?
［答案］ A.?
［析］ 表示愿意作某事应讲：I'd love to? I'd like to??
17? - What's the weather like today!?
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ?
A?It's nice for a walk． B?I like autumn best of all．?
C?It will be fine tomorrow． D?It's rather cold today．
?
［答案］ D.?
［析］ 本题要注意问的是什么，不要所问非所答。因问题是今天的天气怎样，所以只能选D
18? - Is Jane in ，please? I want to speak to her??
- Sorry， she is out? You'd better ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?
A?visit her in the office B?call her later ?
C?see her this afternoon D?speak to her yourself
?
［答案］ B.?
［析］ call her later 晚些时候再来电话。?
19? - ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ?
- Very well， thank you， and you??
A?How do you do? B?Good morning? ?
C?How are you these days? D?How do you like English?
?
［答案］ C.?
［析］ 本题是由答语来推断问话，所以应熟悉英语的问答习惯： How do you do? 的答语应为 How do you do??
20? - How is your mother??
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ?
A?She is old． B?She is no better than she was． ?
C?She is kind?hearted． D?She is in her forties．
?
［答案］ B.?
［析］ How is your mother? 问的是你妈身体如何，而B选项则是"她不比以前强"。而其他三个选项则是所问非所答。?
21? - Thank you very much for your help??
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?
A?You're welcome B?Please don't
C?There's no trouble D?No， no
?
［答案］ A.?
22? Your uncle has taken you to the cinema? Afterwards you thank him?
He says " ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．"?
A?It was nothing B?I'm glad you enjoyed it ?
C?Don't say it D?No， needn't
?
［答案］ B.?
［析］ 这是英语的答语，千万不要选A，因它是中文习惯的答语。?
23? - Thank you for your good present??
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?
A?It's not good B?No， no
C?My pleasure D?Never mind
?
［答案］ C.?
24? When someone did a good deed for you， you should say ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?
A.you are too good B.It's very kind of you C.you are very kind D.I'll thank you
［答案］ B.?
25? - I am very sorry? I am late for dinner? ?
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?
A.No， you aren't B.That's all right C.Yes， you are D.No， you don't
［答案］ B.?
［析］ That's all right? 没关系。?
26? - I'm sorry if I hurt you??
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?
A?I'm sorry B?It's not true ?
C?It doesn't matter D?Don't say sorry
?
［答案］ C.?
27? - I should have gone to see the exhibition with you? ?
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?
A?I'm sorry B?What a pity ?
C?It doesn't matter to me D?That's terrible
［答案］ B.?
［析］ What a pity. 真遗憾。第一句应为我真该和你一起去展览会。?
28? - Help yourself to some fish??
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?
A?You are very kind B?Yes， I'm helping myself ?
C?Thank you D?Yes， don't worry about me
［答案］ C.?
29? - Are you ready??-______ ．?
A?I'm very sorry B?Try to be patient ?
C?Not yet， wait a minute D?Do you have the time， please?
［答案］ C.?
［析］ not yet 意为还没有完成。?
30? - Mum， I have passed the exam??
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?
A?That's all right B?Congratulations
C?You are luck D?Good luck to you
［答案］ B.?
31? - I think I have to leave? I hope we can get together again??
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?
A?All right B?That's all right
C?O?K? D?I hope so， too
［答案］ D.?
32? Must I wait till he comes back? ? ．?
A?No， you needn't B?No， you mustn't ?
C?No， you may not D?No， you can't
［答案］ A.?
［析］ must 提问表示必须这样做吗?而肯定句要用 must， 表示必须做，而否定句则要用 needn't 表示没有必要做。?
33? - ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ I pay you the house rent right away??
- Yes， you have to do it??
A?Shall B?Way C?Must D?Have
［答案］ C.?
34? - Don't you think this colour is too bright? ?
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ?
A?Yes， I agree． B?Yes， but I don't think so． ?
C?Yes， of course not． D?Yes， what's wrong?
［答案］ A.?
35? - It was cold yesterday??
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?
A?So was it B?So it was
C?I believe not so D?I believe not
［答案］ B.?
［析］ 当答语只是重复对方讲的话时，则不用倒装。因 so it was即为：是的，天气昨天很冷。而当讲前面讲的动作也适合于另一个人时，则要倒装。如： I went to the cinema yesterday? So did I? 表示对方去了电影院，我也去了。?
36? - What do you think of the song??
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?
A?I like music very much B?I like it too ?
C?With pleasure D?It sounds sweet
［答案］ D.?
［析］ sound 在这里是系动词，为听起来很甜美。系动词后要用形容词，而不要用被动语态。?
37? Do you like tea or coffee?? ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?
A?Yes， I do B?Thank you
C?That's fine D?Either will do
［答案］ D.?
［析］ either will do? 为两者哪个都可以。?
38? I like your sweater very much?? ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?
A?No， it's ugly B?Sorry
C?Thank you D?You're welcome
［答案］ C.?
［析］ 这是英美语言的习惯。?
39? He likes travelling by train? ? ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?
A?So do I B?I dos
C?I like so D?I like it， neither
［答案］ A.?
40? - How do you like your school??
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?
A?I like it very much B?It's very beautiful?
C?I doesn't like it D?Very well
［答案］ B.?
［析］ How do you like … 是问你们学校是怎样值得你热爱的。也就是为什么你热爱你的学校。
41? What a nice day! ? ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ?
A?You're right． B?No， isn't it?
C?Yes， isn't it? D?Really?
［答案］ C.?
［析］ Yes， isn't it? 是的，难道不是个好天气吗??
42? - Hello， ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ??
- This is Della speaking??
A?Who are you B?Are you Tom ?
C?Who is that D?Please tell me who are you
［答案］ C.?
［析］ 电话用语中 that 指对方，而 this 指自己。?
43? -What's he like? ?
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?
A?He likes English B?He is old ?
C?He is like a farmer D?He is tall and this
［答案］ D.?
［析］ 要区分 What's he like? 如 What does he like? 前者为：他长得什么样?而后者是：他喜欢什么。?
44? How did you do your job? ?
Not very well， ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?
A?I'm sure B?I am afraid
C?Thank you D?I'm sorry
［答案］ B.?
［析］ I am afraid 我恐怕是，我想是。?
45? - ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ your aunt??
-She is a principal of a middle school??
A?What does B?Where does
C?What is D?Whom is
［答案］ C.?
46? - ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ?
- He is my boss??
A?What's the man? B?Who is the man? ?
C?How is the man? D?What does the man do?
［答案］ B.?
47? - May I have your name? ?
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?
A?No， no B?You're polite
C?Call me John D?It's kind of you
?
［答案］ C.?
48? - Shall I make coffee for you? ?
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?
A?Yes， thank you B?No， don't trouble ?
C?Don't trouble this， thank you D?No， don't make it
?
［答案］ A.?
49? - Could you show me the way to Mr? Buown's office??
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?
A?Not at all B?I'm sure
C?All right D?I can do it
?
［答案］ C.?
50? - Shall we go swimming tomorrow afternoon??
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?
A?It's very kind of you B?You are so thoughtful ?
C?That's a good idea D?Yes， we'll go
［答案］ C.?
