中考英语语法:there be用法总结

there be用法总结

There be 结构是英语中陈述事物客观存的常用句型,表示"有",其确切含义是"存在"there 作为引导词,本身没有意义,用动词be的某些形式作为谓语动词,它的主语是用一些表示泛指或不定特指的名词词组,动词be和 主语的数必须一致。句子最后通常为表示地点和时间的状语。因此要表达"某个地方或某个时间存在什么事物或人"的时候常用"There be + 名词+ 地点(时间)这一句型。例如:

There is a great Italian deli across the street.

穿过街道,有一家大的意大利熟食店。

There are some students in the dormitory.

在宿舍里有一些学生。

一、There be 结构中的主谓一致

1.当动词be后所接的名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词时,be 应该取单数is;当其后所接的名词是复数的可数名词时,be用复数are。

There's a man at the door.

门口有个人。

There is some apple juice in the bottle.

瓶子里有些苹果汁。

There are some strangers in the street.

大街上有一些陌生人。

2.如果There be 后面是几个并列名词做主语时,动词be的形式和最靠近它的那个名词保持数的一致。

There is an ashtray and two bottles on the shelf. 架子上有一只烟灰缸和两个瓶子。

There are two bottles and an ashtray on the shelf. 架子上有两个瓶子和一个烟灰缸。

二、There be 结构中的时态

1.There be 句型中动词be可以有一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时和完成时。

There is no harm in trying.

不妨一试。

There were fabulous wildflowers in the hills last spring.

去年春天,山中有极美的野花。

There will be a fine day tomorrow.

明天将是一个晴天。

There have been several private schools in our area this year.

今年,我们这里已经有好几所私立学校了。

2.There be 句型可以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。

There may be a cigarette in that box.

那只盒子里或许有支香烟。

There must be some cakes on the table.

桌子上一定有些蛋糕。

There used to be a hospital there before the war.

战前,那里曾经有家医院。

3.There be 句型也可以和这样一些的谓语动词连用:be going to 、seem to 、appear to 、used to、be likely to 、happen to ….

There seem to be a few trees between me and the green.

在我与草坪之间好像有一些树。

There is gong to be a meeting tonight.

今天晚上有个会议。

There is likely to be a storm.

可能有一场暴雨。

There happened to be a bus nearby.

碰巧附近有辆公交车。

There appears to have been a nasty accident.

似乎发生了一起严重事故。

4.there be 结构中除可以用be 外,还可以用其它动词。例如:

There came a scent of lime-blossom.

飘来一阵菩提树的花香。

Once upon a time there lived a king in China.

从前中国有一个国王。

三、There be 句型的否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句

1.There be 句型的否定句有两种构成方式,一种是将否定副词not放在be 之后,如: There isn't a box in the room.

房间里没有盒子。

There aren't any pens on the desk.

课桌上没有钢笔。

There hasn't been any rain for a week.

一周没下雨了。

There won't be a meeting today.

今天没有会议。

另一种是在主语前加上不定代词no , 如:

There is no water in the bottle.

瓶子里没有水。

There are no pictures on the wall.

墙上没有图画。

There will be no one at home tomorrow morning.

明天上午不会有人在家。

There might be no money left。

或许没有剩下什么钱。

2.There be 句型的一般疑问句是将be 放在there 之前,回答时用yes或no,后接简单答语。如:

Is there a cake on the table?

桌子上有块蛋糕吗?

Yes,there is. / No,there isn't.

是,有。/ 不,没有。

Will there be a party tonight?

今晚有聚会吗?

Yes,there will./ No, there won't

是的,有。/ 不,没有。

Have there been any letters from your mother lately?

近日你妈妈有信来吗?

Yes,there have./ No, there haven't.

是,有的。/ 不,没有。

3.There be 句型的特殊疑问句主要有how many和how much做引导词两种情况:

How many students are there in your school?

你们学校有多少学生?

How much money is there in your pocket?

你口袋里有多少钱?

4.There be 句型的反意疑问句

There is a cup on the table, isn't there?

桌子上有只杯子,是吗?

There is some orange in the glass, isn't there?

杯子里有桔汁,是吗?

There are a lot of letters in the mailbox, aren't there?

邮筒里有很多信件,是吗?

There will be a new hospital nearby, won't there?

附近要建一家新医院,是吗?

四、There be 结构的非谓语动词形式

There be 结构的非谓语动词形式是there to be 和there being 两种形式。在句中作主语、宾语和状语。

1. there being 结构起名词的作用,直接位于句首作主语,通常用it 作形式主语,并且用for引导。

There being a bus stop near my house is a great advantage.我家旁边有个公共汽车站,很是方便。

It is impossible for there to be any more.

不可能再有了。

2. there be 结构作宾语时,通常用there to be ,常作这样一些词的宾语:expect,like, mean, intend, want,prefer,hate等。

I expect there to be no argument about this.

我期望关于这件事不要再争吵了。

I should prefer there to be no discussion of my private affairs.

我宁愿不要讨论我的私事。

People don't want there to be another war.

人们不希望再有战争了。

另外,作介词宾语时,如果是介词for,只能用"there to be"其它介词用"there being"

The teacher was waiting for there to be complete silence.

老师在等着大家都安静下来。

I never dreamed of there being any good chance for me.

我做梦也没想到我会有好机会。

3. 作状语的there be 形式,通常用"there being"结构。

There being nothing else to do ,we went home.

因为没有其他事可做,我们就回家了。

They closed the door ,there being no customers.

因为没有顾客,他们的店关门了。

五、There be 结构和have的区别与联系

1.区别点:there be 意为存在,强调某地有某物,不表示所属关系;have 表示所有关系, 强调某人或某地有某物,这是其基本用法。如:

There are some trees in front of the house.

房前有些树。

Tom has many friends in China.

汤姆在中国有许多朋友。

2.相同点:在表示结构上的含有时,既可以用there be 句型,也可以用have(has) 来表示。如:

中国有许多长河。

There are many long rivers in China.

China has many long rivers.

三月份有多少天?

How many days are there in March?

How many days has March?

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