词义猜测“十法”（二）
◆对比反义词法
人们在描述、说明事物的时侯常用对比方式，在这种情况下，往往使用反义词来说明或描述另一事物的特征。因此，我们可以通过已知的反义词的词义去推测生词的含义。例如：
Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother， in contrast， is quite humble and modest.
解析： supercilious 可能是个生词。由于句中出现了短语 in contrast （相对照，相对比），根据这个线索，我们可以推测， supercilious 和后面的词组 humble and modest （谦卑，谦虚）是对比或相反的关系。由此我们可以推断 supercilious 可能是“傲慢的，目空一切的”的意思。
（ NMET 2002 全国， E 篇 74 题） A child’s birthday party doesn’t have hassle ；it can be a basket of fun， according to Beth Anaclerio，an Evaston mother of two， aged 4 and 18 months.
74. What does the underlined word “ hassle ” probably mean？
A. A party designed by specialists.
B. A plan requiring careful thought.
C. A situation causing difficulty or trouble.
D. A demand made by guests.
解析：文中先说孩子的生日聚会不“ hassle ”，后面紧接着对比说“ it can be a basket of fun ”，显然 hassle 与 fun 在意义上是相反的，因此我们可推知 hassle 意为“麻烦，费力之事”，故答案为 C .
◆词义搭配关联法
英语句子中的某个单词总是和其它的词相关联，我们可以通过这些前后关联的词语来猜测该生词的含义。例如：
（ NMET 2004 全国 I ， E 篇 74 题） Finally although some social science majors may still find it more difficult than their technically trained classmates to land the first job，recent graduates report that they don’t regret their choice of study.
74. The underlined word “ land ” probably means “ _____________ ” .
A. keep for some time
B. successfully get
C. immediately start
D. lose regretfully
解析：句中的 land 用作动词，它的宾语是 the first job ，根据词语搭配，我们可以推断 land 的含义应该是“成功地得到”。故答案为 B .
◆词义重复变化法
有时候，为了把一件事情叙述或说明得更清楚、更详细，文章的作者往往会使用几个不同、但意义相同或相近的词来表达同一概念，这时，我们就可以利用这些意义上重复的词语去猜测生词的词义。例如：
（ NMET 2004 湖北， C 篇 66 题） Is it possible to beat high blood pressure without drugs？ The answer is “ Yes ”， according to the researchers at John Hopkins and three other medical centers.
66. According to the passage，“ John Hopkins ” is ____________.
A. a famous university
B. a medical center
C. a well-known doctor
D. a drug company
解析：从“ according to the researchers at John Hopkins and three other medical centers ”可以推知， John Hopkins 是 medical center 之一。故答案为 B .
◆词义转折法
有时候，有的句子中含有诸如 though， however， but， nevertheless， yet， still， instead， on the other hand， on the contrary 等表示转折意思的连词、副词或介词短语，我们就可以根据句子意思的转折来猜测生词的词义。例如：
This boy is not stupid， on the contrary， no one could be more intelligent.
解析： intelligent 可能是个生词，通过短语“ on the contrary ”我们可以知道，“ intelligent ”与“ stupid ”意义相反，因此“ intelligent ”意为“聪明的，有才智的”。
◆经验常识法
除了上述方法之外，我们还可以根据日常的生活经验、或者一般常识来猜测词义。例如：
（ NMET 2004 福建， E 篇 72 题） While in Banff， make time for a walk around town. A special treat is to go up the mountainside on the Banff Gondola for a surprising view of the valley below. Here is The Pines， whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou， wild boar， and reindeer with surprising sauces.
72. According to the passage， “ The Pines ” is a ___________.
A. place in which you can see many mobile homes
B. mountain where you can get a good view of the valley
C. town which happens near the Banff National Park
D. restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food
解析：从文中“ The Pines， whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food …”可以看出，有 cook 在 The Pines 里工作，根据生活常识， The Pines 应该是一个餐馆。故答案为 D .
山东·丁道文 李文莉
[1][2]
《高中英语语法-词义猜测“十法”（二）》由留学liuxue86.com编辑整理