高考英语语法:2010年高考英语语法精讲十二 基本句型

英语的五种基本句型结构：
主语 + 不及物动词 (SV)
主语 + 连系动词 (SVC)
主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 (SVO)
主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语(SVOD)
主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语(SVOC)
1. S + V
He works. He is studying.
① 主语＋谓语(vi.) ＋ 状语(从句)
The sun sets in the west. He went nowhere
② 主语＋谓语(vi.) ＋ 名词短语
We had come a long way. He waited (for) two years.
2. S + V + C
He is a student / in yellow / there…
① 主语 + be + 表语表语由下列词充当：名词、形容词、副词、介词（短语）、动词不定式、分词（短语）、动名词、从句等
② 主语 + 其它连系动词 + 表语这些连系动词包括：appear, continue, feel, go(变成), keep, lie(处于…状态), look, prove, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, become, come, fall, get, grow, turn
Bob lay sick.
His dream comes true.
3. S + V + O
An idea struck me.
① 主语＋谓语(v. + prep)＋宾语
It depends on the weather. 备用词：act as, agree on / with / to,
arrive in (at), come across, base on, break into, suffer from, lead to,
prefer to, think of, fire at, reach for, quarrel about, worry about
② 主语＋谓语(v. + adv.)＋宾语
I thought over the plan. I thought it over.
备用词：bring out (up), think out, turn off (on , out, down), give in
NOTICE: v + adv. + prep.
get along with, add up to, do away with,
break away with, keep up with, go ahead with, go through with
v. + n. + prep make use of, make fun of, catch sight of,
take care of, take the place of, take a look at, take pride in
③ 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋介词＋宾语
The teacher punished him for being late.
Congratulate him on his success.
Compare this with that.
4. S + V + O + D (间接宾语由代词和名词充当)
① 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语
Will you lend me your pen, please ?
She bought him many toys.
② 主语 + 谓语 + 直接宾语 + 介词 + 代词或名词
Will you lend your pen to me, please ?
She bought many toys for him.
备用词：pay, give, hand, sell, pass, offer, explain, sing, leave
5. S + V + O + C 宾语和宾补之间的关系有两种：主表关系；
主谓关系。宾语可由形容词、副词、介词、动词不定式充当
主表：① I find the book interesting. (主谓宾＋形容词)
② I saw him there. (主谓宾＋副词)
③ I found the book on the desk.(主谓宾＋介词)
④ We elected him monitor. (主谓宾＋名词)
主谓：①They saw the thief running away. (主谓宾 + 现在分词）
②Where did you see him knocked down?(主谓宾＋过分词)
③ What makes you think so ?(主谓宾＋动词不定式)