中考英语语法:中考英语总复习7

中考英语总复习7

十、被 动 语 态

英语的语态分主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态的主语是动作的执行者;被动语态的主语是动作的承受者。

eg. We use a knife for cutting (主动句).

A knife is used for cutting (被动句)。

一、构成:be + 过去分词

eg. 1)The work is finished by him.

2)Chinese is spoken by people in China.

二、被动语态的时态

1.一般现在时:am/ is/ are + 过去分词

eg. English is spoken by Englishmen.

2.一般过去时:was/ were + 过去分词

eg. The machines were made in China.

3.一般将来时:will/shall/be going to be+过去分词

eg. A sports meeting will be held in our school next week.

4.现在完成时:have/ has been + 过去分词

eg. The work has been done by them.

5.现在进行时:am/ is/ are being + 过去分词。

eg. A new school is being built in our village.

6.过去进行时:was/ were being + 过去分词

eg. My TV set was being mended at that time.

综上所述:被动语态的时态只涉及be动词的变化(即:be动词的各种时态)

另外注意以下几点:

1.含情态动词的被动语态:

can / may / must / should + be + 过去分词

eg. He may be sent away from school.

2.带动词不定式的被动语态

eg. My bike needs to be mended.

3.在使用被动语态时,如需要指出动作执行者时,应用"by + 动作的执行者(宾格)"

eg. He was called Mike by us

4.不及物动词无被动语态(take place/ happen ; last ; rise ; sink ; fall等)

eg. The accident was happened two days ago (改错) _________

5.当宾语补足语是省to不定式时,在改作被动语态之后,应将省去的to还原。

eg.The boss made the workers work 12 hours.

→The workers were made to work 12 hours.

6.注意短语动词的完整性(即:主动句的谓语动词若由v + prep / adv构成,变被动语态时,不能将这些介词、副词遗漏。

eg. We must take care of the baby.

→The baby must be taken care of.

练 习 题

( )1.This factory has been____ for two years

A. open B. to open C. opening D. opened

( )2.The light in the room ___ before you leave. A. must turn off B. will turn off

C. are turned off D. must be turned off

( )3.The young trees ____ planted in spring.

A. must B. have C. must be D. must are

( )4.Chinese ____ by Miss Wang three years ago. A. was taught B. is taught

C. was teached D. were teach

( )5.Young trees ___ quite often.

A. should water B. should be water

C. should be watered D. should have watered

( )6.English ___ by many people in the world

A. speaks B. speak C. are spoken D. is spoken

( )7.The old people ___ well in our country.

A. is looked after B. are looked after

C. looks after D. look for

( )8. Alice is ill. She ____ to hospital at once.

A. is sent B. must be sent

C. can send D. must send

( )9. The factory ____ in 1958.

A. was built B. is built

C. will be built D. built

( )10.Our teacher told us that the classroom _____ every day.

A. should be cleaned B. should cleaned

C. shall be cleaned D. must cleaned

( )11.Football ____ all over the world.

A. plays B. is playing

C. has played D. is played

( )12.____ silk ____ in Suzhou?

A. Is , produced B. Are, produced

C. Does, produce D. Was, produce

( )13.Much money ____ spent on books every year. A. have B. has C. are D. is

( )14.The students was made ______ the questions by the teacher.

A. answer B. to answer

C. answering D. answered

( )15.The sun ____ when we got there.

A. was risen B. has been risen

C. had risen D. is rising

( )16.The People's Liberation Army was ____ August 1, 1927.

A. found in B. found on

C. founded on D. founded in

( )17.The oranges should be well ___ during the winter.

A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep

( )18. Many of the sheep ___ by the wolf狼).

A. was killed B. are killed

C. are killing D. were killed

( )19.Tape recorders____ in our English class

A. should use B. used

C. can be used D. are using

( )20. ____ English ____ in Canada?

A. Do, spoken B. Is , spoken

C. Are, spoken D. Does, speak

( )21.He ____ not to leave waster paper everywhere.

A. tells B. told C. was told D. has told

( )22.Who ____ "The Family", "Spring" and "Autumn" ______?

A. was, written B. were, written

C. were, written by D. are. Written by

( )23.Look at the building! It ____ now.

A. is being built B. has been built

C. is building D. has built

( )24.Half of the work ____ before six.

A. can be done B. will do C. were done

( )25.We ____ stamps for sending letters.

A. are used B. use C. used

( )26.The Great Green Wall(绿色长城)___ in North China.

A. are built B. can be build C. was built

( )27.___ the farm ____ by the students ?

A. was, visited B. Is, visit C. Must, visit

( )28.The woman ____ by people in the waiting room.

A. was laughed B. was laughed at

C. laughed at

( )29. What ____ there?

A. happened B. is happened

C. must be happened

( )30.He was made ______for twelve hours.

A. to work B. work C. worked

十一、状语从句

(一)时间状语从句:由when, while, before, after, since, as soon as, till / until引导的从句

1)when与while

eg.1)I'll tell her the good news _____he comes back.

2)Aunt Wang came in while we were watching TV

3)since:自从……以来(since从句常用一般过去时)

注意主句通常用现在完成时,但当主句表示一种状态,用一般现在时

eg.1)He has lived there since he came to China

2)It is two years since her mother died.

(二)条件状语从句:由if (如果)引导的从句

eg.I will go to the park if it ________ (not rain) tomorrow.

注意:条件状语从句与以下句型的转换

1)祈使句,and (then , or)+简单句

= If you … , you …

eg.1)Use your head, then you'll find a way.

=If you use your head, you'll find a way

2)Hurry up, or you'll be late.

=If you don't hurry, you'll be late.

2)without与条件句的转化

eg. Man can't live without water.

=Man can't live if there is no water.

注意以上两种状语从句的时态

主句 时间、条件句

1)一般将来时 2)祈使句 3)情态动词原形 一般现在时

一般过去时 一般过去时

但since从句例外,应与现在完成时连用。

eg.1)I'll call you as soon as he ______ (come) back.

2)He won't go to bed until he _________ (finish) his homework.

3)I'll help you if I _____ (be) free tomorrow

4)I ___________ (live) here since I came to China.

(三)原因状语从句:由because, since , for , as引导的从句

eg. He didn't go to school because he was ill.

注意:1)对because引导的从句提问用why

2)因为(because), 所以(so)不能连用

eg. Because he was (A) ill, so (B) he didn't (C) go to school (D) yesterday. ________

(四)结果状语从句:由so… that引导的从句(so后接形、副原级)

eg. He ran (A) so faster (B) that I couldn't catch up with (C) him. ________

注意:1) "so… that +否定句"与"too… to"的替换

eg.1)He is so young that he can't go to school.

= He is too young to go to school(主、从句主语相同)

2)He ran so fast that we couldn't catch up with him.

= He ran too fast for us to catch up with. (主、从句主语不同)

3)The box is so heavy that I can't carry it

= The box is too heavy for me to carry.(注意carry后省去宾语it)

2)"so… that +从句"与"enough to"的替换

eg.1)He's so strong that he can carry the box.

= He's strong enough to carry the box.

2)The question is so easy that I can answer it

=The question is easy enough for me to answer

练 习

( )1.We bought granny a present, ___ she didn't like it.

A. but B. and C. when

( )2.Be quick, ___ you'll be late for the football match.

A. so B. and C. or

( )3.You've done badly, ___ I can see you did your best. A. or B. but C. so

( )4.That was our first lesson, ___ she didn't know all our names.

A. for B. but C. so

( )5.They didn't pass the ball often enough, ___ they didn't play together very well.

A. and B. yet C. when

( )6.It was raining at that time, ___ they couldn't go out for walk.

A. because B. or C. so

( )7.Mary couldn't go to school, ___ she was very ill. A. for B. before C. though

( )8.Go straight along the road, ___ you'll find the hospital at the end of it.

A. since B. and C. when

( )9.Take this medicine , ___ you will yet well soon. A. and B. but C. so

( )10.Either she or I ___ him at the airport.

A. is to meet B. am to meet C. are to meet

( )11.The train hasn't arrived ____.

A. too B. also C. yet

( )12.You won't go there, ___ will I.

A. So B. Neither C. Also

( )13.You can take ___ this book ___ that book, but you can't take ___ of them.

A. either, or ; all B. either , or ; both

C. not only , but also ; both

( )14.The students had no water___ food then

A. or B. and C. also

( )15.They were ___ weak ___ carry the heavy box.

A. neither , nor B. both , and C. too , to

( )16.The books aren't yours ___ ours.

A. nor B. and C. but

( )17.Tom saves his money, ___ John spends all he gets.

A. while B. or C. so

( )18.Excuse me, ___ can you tell me how to get to the park?

A. and B. please C. but

( )19.He needs to have a rest, ___ he has worked for a long time .

A. and B. but C. for

( )20.The policeman was ___ busy ___ holidays with his family.

A. very , to spend B. too , to spend

C. so , that

( )21.Neither Jack nor I ___ to the park.

A. is going B. are going C. am going

( )22.His grandfather has never been to school so he could ___ read ___ write.

A. neither , nor B. either , or C. both , and

( )23.Johm ___ until Mike ___ sorry to him.

A. let him in , said B. didn't let him in , said

C. didn't let him in , says

( )24.I'm sure Li Ping is ___ in the classroom ___ in the library.

A. either , or B. both , and C. neither , or

( )25.Don't open the door ___ the bus ___.

A. until , stops B. and , stops C. until , stop

( )26.Both his father and his mother ___ to Beijing.

A. has been B. have been C. has gone

( )27.We'll have a sports meeting if it ____ rain tomorrow.

A. won't B. isn't C. don't D. doesn't

( )28.I'll let you know as soon as he ____.

A. comes back B. will come back

C. is coming back D. come back

( )29.I'm ___ busy getting ready for Christmas ____ I have no time to write to you.

A. not, until B. too, to

C. so, that D. neither, nor

( )30.This TV set is too dear, ____ it gives you a better picture.

A. or B. if C. though D. and

( )31.Could you ask Tom to ring me up if you ____ him tomorrow.

A. met B. meet C. will meet D. have met

( )32.While she ___ TV in the sitting room, the bell ____.

A. watches, rings B. is watching, rang

C. was watching D. watched, was ringing

( )33.Mary will go ____ after she ____ her homework.

A. shops, finish B. shopping, finishes

C. to shop, finishing D. shopping, finish

( )34.He is listening to the music ____ he is washing clothes.

A. after B. before C. when D. while

( )35.Tell Mr. Wang to go to Mr. Li's office, when you ____ him.

A. saw B. will see C. are seeing D. see

( )36.They ____ until the meeting was over.

A. left B. not leave

C. don't leave D. didn't leave

( )37.The children sat at the table until the guests ____.

A. leave B. are leaving C. left D. had left

( )38.The film ____ for half an hour when I got to the cinema.

A. has begun B. had been on

C. begun D. begins

( )39.She ____ until late into the night.

A. waited B. came C. went D. started

( )40.He began to do his homework _____ he turned on the light.

A. before B. since C. till D. after

( )41.He didn't go to swim yesterday___ he was ill.

A. when B. if C. because D. and because

( )42.Li Ping gives me more help than Wang Lin ____ .

A. is B. has C. does D. gives

( )43.Please keep the box for me ____ I come back tonight.

A. when B. as C. to D. until

( )44.I bought an umbrella ____ the weather was fine.

A. if B. although C. because D. as

( )45.We got to the cinema ___ late ___ there were no seats left.

A. too, to B. much, to C. very, that D. so, that

( )46.It ___ five years ___ I left the army.

A. is , since B. was , since

C. has been, when D. is , when

( )47.Though it was raining hard, ___ was still waiting for her son in the rain.

A. but she B. and she C. she D. so she

( )48.I have known him ___ I was a child.

A. because B. since C. when D. before

( )49.Jim had finished his homework ____ his mother came back.

A. after B. before C. while D. then

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