before 译法种种
在近几年的高考试题中, before 的出现率很高。 before 的译法比较特殊,有时要从“反面着笔”,才能给出恰当的汉语对应语。笔者结合近几年的高考题,简要地谈一下 before 的译法。
1. before 译为“在……之前”。例如:
Don't count your chickens before they are hatched. ( Proverb ) 不要在蛋尚未孵出之前先数鸡。(勿过分指望没有把握之事。)(谚语)
We do want to buy something now before prices go up. 在物价上涨之前,我们现在的确想买一些东西。
2. before 译为“……才”。例如:
The meeting was over before he arrived. 会议结束了,他才到。
You must finish your homework before you go out to play basketball.
你必须完成作业,(然后)才能出去打篮球。
3. before 译为“还没有来得及……就”。例如:
He had measured me before I could get in a word. 我还没有来得及插话,他就给我量好了。
Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they bung up before I could answer the phone. 有人在半夜给我打电话,但我还没有来得及接,电话就被挂了。
4. before 位于表示一段时间的词语之后时,可译为“……之后”。例如:
Sun Shuwei studied hard at school and trained hard for five years before he came to the national team.
孙淑伟在学校努力学习,刻苦训练, 5 年之后进入了国家队。
They worked long hours for several weeks before everything returned to normal.
他们超负荷工作,几周之后,一切才恢复正常。
It'll be more than 100 years before the country begins once more to look as it did before.
一百多年之后,这个国家才能恢复到过去的样子。
5. before 译为“免得……”。例如:
Do it now before you forget.
你现在就做,免得忘了。
6. before 译为“……才能”(但主句和从句中有情态动词 must , can 等)。例如:
We must study hard before we can serve the people effectively.
我们只有努力学习,才能有效地为人民服务。
Much must still be done before our dreams can come true. 我们仍需要做很多,才能使我们的梦想成为现实。
7. before 译为“……而不,也不”。例如:
He will die of hunger before he will steal. 他宁可饿死,也不愿去偷。
The guerrillas would fight to death before they surrendered.
游击队员宁愿战斗到死,也不投降。
8. before 译为“不知不觉”。例如:
Time passed quickly before we knew it. We had to say goodbye to the workers.
时间过得真快,不知不觉我们该向工人告别了。
Twenty years passed before we knew it.
不知不觉, 20 年过去了。
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