一．介词at/ in /on .
1.表示时间：
1).表示某一具体时间点，某一时刻/ 年龄
at six o’clock at noon at that time
at the moment at the age of at night
2)in表示时间段,一天的三个时间段以及月份,年,季节,世纪,人生的某个时期(某人几十岁时)
in the morning/afternoon /evening
in spring /in 2007/in March
in the twenty-first century
in his fifties
3)on表示星期几/某一具体的日子/具体某天的上午/下午/晚上,表示一天中的三个时间段名词前有修饰语或后有修饰语时.
On Monday on New Year’s Day
on Sunday morning on a rainy night
on the evening of April 1st ,2007
2表地点:
1)at 一般指较小的地点或较具体的位置
at the station at the cinema
2)in 表示在较大的地点或一个有限空间里.
in China in the classroom
3)on 指在某物体的表面上.
on the desk
注意:
写街道时,若有门牌号用at ,否则用on / in 都可.
He lives at 270 DongChang’an Street.
二.介词in /on / to 表方位:
1.in表示A地在B地范围之内.(包含关系)
Tanwan is ____ the southeast of China .
2.on表示A,B地接壤.(外切关系)
Hubei is ____ the north of Hunan .
3.to表示A,B两地有一定的间距.(外离关系)
Japan is _____ the east of China .
三. between / among 在……之间
1.between :指两者之间. 在…….之间.
2.among :用于三者或三者以上人或物之间. 在……之中.
You sit _____ him and me .
The song is popular ______ the students.
四.after / in 在……之后
1. after
1)after + 时间段. 表示以过去某一时刻为起点的一段时间之后, 用于过去时.
2)after 作介词. after doing sth
2.in +一段时间. 表示说话时或以现在为起点的将来一段时间之后.用于将来时.
He came back ______ two days .
He will go home___finishing his homework .
He will come back _____ two days .
五.with / in / by 表示 “用……”
1.with 表示 “用…” 一般指有形的工具 / 手段 / 人体器官.
He cut the apple into halves ____ a knife .
注: with 表伴随, “带有,含有”
He came in _____ a big smile on his face .
2.in表示用某种语言,方式,途径. 或书写/绘画所用的材料. 也可表交通方式.
Can you say it _____English ?
He wrote a letter ____ blue ink .
3.by表示乘坐交通工具, 表示方式,方法
I study for a test _____ working with a group .
He makes a living ____ selling newspapers .
注意: 同义词组
1).by phone = on the phone
2).by car = in a car
3).in pen = with a pen = with pens
六.across / through / over / by 经过
1.across 指横穿,穿过. 表示动作从某一物体表面上经过.
2.through 指穿过,透过,表示从某一物体空间内通过.
3.over 表示从某人或某物的上空经过或越过,不与表面接触.
4.by 表示从某人/某物的旁边经过.
Can you swim ______ the river ?
the elephant is so big that it can’t go _____ the gate .
I don’t think anyone can jump ___ the fence.
I walked _____ the bank of China yesterday .
七.in front of / in the front of
1.in the front of 表示在…….内部的前面
2.in front of 表示在……外面的前面
There is a desk in _____ front of our classroom .
There is a big tree in _____ front of our classroom.
八．其它介词的用法：
1.at的其它用法.
1).表示 “从事或正在做某事”,其后加的名词往往不加冠词.
She is at work now = She is working now .
2)at表示 “价格或速度”
The train ran at 120 kilometres an hour .
2.in的其它用法:
1)in表示 “在……方面”
词组:do well in = be good at
be weak in
2)in 表示 “穿着”后接表颜色的词或衣服.
词组: be in +衣服 = be wearing +衣服
3)in作副词, “在家” = at home
3.like 的用法:
1).像/和……一样. 常与系动词连用.
词组: look like sound like
2).与what 连用, “是什么样子, 怎样”.
What is he like ? He is kind .
4.off的用法:
1).从……下来, 脱离某物体.
词组: fall off
2). “休假”通常放在时间名词之后.
词组: have +时间+ off
He hasn’t had a night off for two hours .
5.except / besides
1).except 除了…….之外, 都……. . 不包括在范围之内.
注: nothing but … 除了……之外,什么也没有.
2).besdies除了……之外,还有…… . 包括在范围之内.
We all went swimming ______ Lucy .
There is _______ a letter in the box .
We study Japanese and French____ English .
6.with / without
1).with具有,含有 -----反义词: without 没有
词组: with the help of = with one’s help =because of = thanks to
without one’s help
2).without 的用法:
A).without + sb./ sth. 没有某人或某物
B).without + doing sth .
He left here without____(say ) “Goodbye”to us
C). without sth 常与if 引导的否定的条件句.
If there is no water , we can’t live .= We can’t live ______ _______ .
7.on the tree /in the tree
on the tree 表示 “树上本身长的东西” 在树上. 而in the tree 表示 “外界的物体进入树中” 人或物在树上.
There are some apples _____ the tree .
There is a boy ____ the tree.
8.since / for
注: since / for 用于现在完成时.
1).since :
a).since +时间点
b). 现在完成时+ since +一般过去时
c).since +一段时间+ ago.
2)for: for +一段时间= since +一段时间+ ago
9.be made +介词的区别:
be made of 由…制成 (看得见原材料)
be made from由…制成 (看不见原材料)
be made in +地点 由哪儿生产
be made by sb. 由某人制造
10.表示 “数量的介词”
about , round around over
1). about , round around表示 “大约……”
2).over 表示 “超过”= more than.
11.inside / outside
Inside 在……里面 ------反义词:outside在….外面
12.in the wall /on the wall
in the wall 表示“门窗在墙上” on the wall 表示“某东西张贴或挂在墙上”
九.不用介词的情况:
1).当时间状为: tonight, today, yesterday, tomorrow 等时,不用介词.
What are you going to do tonight ?
2).含有this, that, these, those, last, next, every, each等时间状语.
He went to Wuhan last week .
3).以all 开头的时间状语前面不用介词.
He has worked all day .
4).以some ,any, one 等构成的时间状语前不用介词.
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