一 形容词
（一）定义 用来描写或修饰名词或代词，说明人或事物的特征或性质。
（二）用法
1.做定语。e.g. This is an old house.
2.做表语。e.g.I am sorry to hear that.
3.做宾语不足语。e.g.She made her mother angry.
4.形容词在句中的位置。
形容词做定语修饰名词时，放在名词前面。修饰不定代词时要放在不定代词之后。e.g.
She is a clever girl.
I saw something white in the water.
形容词修饰带有表量度的词或者词组时定语后置。
The bridge is one hundred meters long .
5.某些形容词前加上定冠词the,可以代表一类人或东西，可以用作主语，宾语等。做主语时当复数看待。e.g.
The old are well looked after.
We all love the beautiful.
二 副词
（一）定义 用来修饰动词，形容词，其他副词以及全句。
（二）用法
1.作状语。e.g.
They work hard .(副词修饰动词）
They are quite right .（副词修饰形容词）
He park the car very easily .（副词修饰副词）
Unfortunately,he was out.（副词修饰整个句子）
2.作定语（时间副词和地点副词可以做后置定语）。e.g.
The students here are all from Hubei.
3.作表语。 e.g.
What is on this evening?(今晚上演什么节目。）
4.作宾语补足语。e.g.
Don't let him in.
三 形容词和副词的比较等级
在英语中形容词和副词有原级，比较级和最高级之分。原级就是它们的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化。
（一）形容词和副词的比较级和最高级变化
1.规则变化
单音节词和部分双音节词
（1）一般在词尾加er,est. hard---harder---hardest great---greater---greatest
(2)以字母e结尾的加r,st. nice---nicer----nicest able---abler----ablest
(3)重读闭音节中末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写辅音字母，再加er,est.
big---bigger---biggest fat---fatter---fatter red---redder---reddest
thin---thinner---thinnest hot---hotter---hottest wet---wetter---wettest
多音节词和部分双音节词,在其前加more,most.
polite---more polite---most polite exciting---more exciting---most exciting
interesting-more interesting-most imnteresting carefully--more carefully--most carefully
quickly--more quickly--most quickly happily--more happily--most happily
有些形容词和副词的比较等级用-er,-est或者more,most皆可，如clever,lovely等。
表示“较不---”和“最不----”时，可用less和least.
difficult---less difficult---least difficult
interesting---less interesting---least interesting
2.不规则变化
形容词 副词
原级 比较级 最高级 原级 比较级 最高级
good better best well better best
bad/ill worse worst badly worse worst
many/much more most much more most
little less least little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest far farther/further farthest/furthest
old older/elder oldest/eldest
(二)形容词和副词级的用法
原级:
(1)原级的基本用法
句型:主语+谓语动词+as+原级+as+比较对象 (前者与后者一样...)
主语+...not+as/so+原级+as+比较对象 (前者不如后者那么....)
The coat is as old as that one .
The weather in Beijing is not as/so hot as that in Shanghai .
(2)原级的特殊用法
1)表示"是....的几倍". 句型: .....times +as +原级 + as .....
This house is three times as largeas that one .
He can run five three times as fast as his brother.
2)表示"...的一半...". 句型: .....half as +原级 + as ...
My money is not half as much as yours.
3)表示"尽可能......". 句型: .....as + 原级 + as possible/one can.
We should get up as early as possible/we can.
《初中英语形容词和副词专项语法讲解》由留学liuxue86.com编辑整理