Each & every
Each与every虽然都有“每个”的意思,但二者含义及语法功能不同。例如,each既可用作形容词,又可用作代词,every只能作形容词;用作形容词作定语时,each更强调个人或个别,every表示“每个”之意,含有“全部”之意味,等等。两个词的差异总结如下:
一、each既可用作形容词,又可用作代词,在句中可以作定语,主语、宾语、同位语、状语等;every只能作形容词。
如:
Each student has his own desk.
每个学生都有自己的桌子。(形容词,定语)
The students each have a desk.
学生们每人有一张书桌。(代词,同位语)
Each has his good point.
各人有各自的优点。(代词,主语)
Our head teacher had a talk with each of us.
我们的班主任与我们每个人都谈了话。(代词,宾语)
The children can have a bag each.
孩子们每人可带一只提包。(副词,状语)
Every member has a share in the profits made by the company.
每个会员可分享公司的盈利。(形容词)
二、each与every都可用作形容词,在句中作定语,但each更强调个人或个别,every表示“每个”之意,含有“全体”、“全部”之意味。
如:
I know each number of your family.
我认识你们家的每个成员。(强调每一个都认识)
I know every number of your family.
我认识你们家的每个成员。(强调认识全家人)
三、each指两个或两个以上的人或事物中的“每个”;every是指许多人或事物的“全”。
如:
我给她父母每人一件礼物。
[误]I gave a present to every one of her parents .
[正]I gave a present to each of her parents .
四、指上下文提到过的确定数目中的“每一个”时,要用each;如果上下文没有提及时,不能用each,要用everyone等。
如:
我认为这三个答案个个都正确。
[误]I think every answer of the three is right .
[正]I think each of the three answers is right .
我看见人人都忙着工作。
[误]I saw each was busy with his work .
[正]I saw everyone was busy with his work .
五、each 单独做主语或each、every修饰的单数名词做主语时,谓语动词为单数形式,但each of them做主语时,谓语动词用单数或复数形式都可以。
如:
Each / Each person / Every person is living a happy life now.
人人都过着幸福生活。
Each of them are / is wearing full dress.
他们个个都身着盛装。
六、every可以与not连用构成部分否定,意思是“并不/非所有人”,而each则不可以与not连用。全部否定是no one ,意思是“个个都不”、“没有人”等。
如:
人人都不喜欢这个电视剧。
[误]Each / Everyone / Every one of them doesn’t like the TV play .
(表示并不是所有人都喜欢这个电视剧,并不排除可能还有人喜欢)
[正]No one likes the TV play .
七、each与other可构成相互代词,every则不可以。
如:
We should take care of each other and help each other.
我们应该互相关心,互相帮助。
八、表示“每隔……”、“每……”,要用“every+基数词+复数名词”。这种结构中的every不能用each替代。
如:
They’ll choose one out of every ten girls .
他们将在每十个姑娘里挑选一个。
We hand in our homework every three days.
我们每隔两天(每三天)交一次作业。
注意:“每三天或每隔两天”,也可以写作“every third day”,即,若用序数词时,后接单数名词。再如every four weeks / fourth week(每四周/每隔三周),every other day / second day / two days(每隔一天),every other line(每隔一行)等。
《高中英语语法-Each & every》由留学英语组编辑整理(m.liuxue86.com)