中考英语语法:透析中考英语主谓一致考点

语法概说
主谓一致命题趋势与预测
根据对主谓一致部分全国各地试题的分析可知，今后该部分将是重点考查点之一。其考查重点为：
1、主谓一致的语法一致原则
2、主谓一致的整体一致原则
3、主谓一致的就近一致原则
4、主谓一致的意义一致原则
5、主谓一致的附加原则

考点诠释
一、由or, either... or... , neither... nor... , not only...but also... , whether...or...等连接并列主语时,常采用就近原则,动词与最靠近的主语保持一致。
考例Not only Jim but also his sister ______a few cities in the south since they came to China．[临沂市]
A．will visit B. has visited C．have visited D ．visited
[答案]B ．[解析]本题既考查时态，又考查并列连词not only．．．but also的用法。由时间状语since they came to China，可判断用现在完成时，排除A、D两项；not only．．．but also连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词要用"就近原则。
Neither Jim nor his cousins _______to America, but _____of them know the country very well. [07年潍坊市]
A．have been；a11 B. have been; both C has been; all D．has been; both
[答案]B．[解析]考查neither．．．nor的用法，以及both与all的区别。neither…nor连接两个主语时，谓语用"就近原则"，cousins是复数，谓语用have been，排除C和D项；指两者用both。

二、 the number of + 复数名词,主语是the number(数量),谓语动词用单数;a number of +复数名词,主语是复数名词,a number of作定语, 相当于many,谓语动词用复数。
考例Look! There _______ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square. (2004包头)
A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deers
C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers
答案：A。该题考查的是主谓一致。这个句子的主语是a number of deer, 是个复数概念，因此谓语动词应用复数形式。（deer单复数相同）
The number of ________ in our class ________ fifty. (2004山东烟台)
A. student, isB. the students, are C. the students, isD. students, are
[答案]: C
[命题立意]：本题考查主谓一致的用法。
[试题解析]：the number of 后接复数名词，作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式。故应选C。

三、动词不定式、动名词以及名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。
考例As the saying ________,"Where there is a will; there is a way. "[昆明市]
A. go B. goes C. going D. went
[答案]B．[解析] the saying为第三人称单数形式，所以谓语动词用goes。
但what从句作主语而表语是复数时,谓语动词常用复数。
What we badly need here are experienced teachers. 我们这里急需的是有经验的教师。

四、and连接的两个单数名词作主语。
考例Trees and flowers ________every year to make our country more beautiful. [陕西省]
A. is planted B. was planted C. are planted D. were planted
[答案]C．[解析] every year说明本句表示的是一般现在时的概念，去掉B、D项；trees and flowers表达复数意义，所以选C项。

五、表示时间、距离、金钱、体积或数字等的词语作主语且表示总量时，谓语动词用单数。
考例
---How much ________the shoes?
---Five dollars_________ enough． [年青岛市]
A．is；is B are；is C．are；are D．is；are
[答案]B ．[解析] 答案为B。shoes作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式；five dollars是一个整体，应按单数对待。
How time flies! Ten years ________ passed. (2004天津)
A. have B. has C. is D. are
答案：B。该题考查的是主谓一致。Ten years通常被看作是一个时间整体，谓语动词用单数形式。

六、就近原则
--There__________ no milk in the fridge. Could you get some for me, Dick?
--All right, Mum. [福州市]
A. is B. are C. was D. were
[答案]A．[解析]本题考查"there be"句型中be的数及时态，be在数上要与最近的主语保持一致.句子的主语是不可数名词，所以be应使用单数形式，B、D两项可以排除。
Not only Jim but also his sister ______a few cities in the south since they came to China．[07临沂市]
A．will visit B. has visited C．have visited D ．visited
[答案]B ．[解析]本题既考查时态，又考查并列连词not only．．．but also的用法。由时间状语since they came to China，可判断用现在完成时，排除A、D两项；not only．．．but also连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词要用"就近原则。
Neither Jim nor his cousins _______to America, but _____of them know the country very well. [07年潍坊市]
A．have been；a11 B. have been; both C has been; all D．has been; both
[答案]B．[解析]考查neither．．．nor的用法，以及both与all的区别。neither…nor连接两个主语时，谓语用"就近原则"，cousins是复数，谓语用have been，排除C和D项；指两者用both。