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英语四级阅读理解题：神童与教育
Violin prodigies (神童), I learned, have come in distinct waves from distinct regions. Most of the great performers if the late 19th and early 20th centuries were born and brought up in Russia and Eastern Europe. I asked Isaac Stern, one of the world's greatest violinists the reason for this phenomenon. "It is very clear," he told me. "They were all Jews(犹太人) and Jews at the time were severely oppressed and ill treated in that part of the world. They were not allowed into the professional fields, but they were allowed to achieve excellence on a concert stage. " As a result, every Jewish parent's dream was to have a child in the music school because it was a passport to the West. ?
Another element in the emergence of prodigies, I found, is a society that values
excellence in a certain field to nurture (培育) talent. Nowadays, the most nurturing societies seem to be in the Far East. "In Japan, a most competitive society, with stronger discipline than ours. " says Isaac Stem, children are ready to test their limits every day in many fields, including music. When Western music came to Japan after World War Ⅱ, that music not only became part of their daily lives, but it became a discipline as well. The Koreans and Chinese as we know, are just as highly motivated as the Japanese. ?
That's a good thing, because even prodigies must work hard. Next to hard work,
biological inheritance plays an important role in the making of a prodigy. J. S. Bach, for example, was the top of several generations of musicians, and four of his sons had significant careers in music.
这是一篇说明文，以演奏小提琴的神童为何在19世纪末和20世纪初的俄国和东欧出现和最多为例，说明了导致神童产生的原因。
1.Jewish parents in Eastern Europe longed for their children to attend music school
because ______ .
A) it would allow them access to a better life in the West
B) Jewish children are born with excellent musical talent
C) they wanted their children to enter into the professional field
D) it would enable the family to get better treatment in their own country
2.Nurturing societies as mentioned in the passage refer to societies that ______ .
A) enforce strong discipline on students who want to achieve excellence
B) treasure talent and provide opportunities for its full development
C) encourage people to compete with each other
D) promise talented children high positions
3.Japan is described in the passage as a country that attaches importance to ______ .
A) all-round development. B) the learning of Western music
C) strict training of children D) variety in academic studies
4.Which of the following contributes to the emergence of musical prodigies according to the passage?
A) A natural gift. B) Extensive knowledge of music. C) Very early training. D) A prejudice-free society.
5.Which of the following titles best summarises the main idea of the passage?
A) Jewish Contribution to Music. B) Training of Musicians in the World C) Music and Society D) The Making of Prodigies
参考答案及解析
1、[答案及分析]：[A]事实辨认题。问为什么在东欧的犹太父母希望他们的孩子进音乐学校文章第一段对此作了明确回答：那时候犹太人在那些地方受到压迫和歧视。他们不被允许进入诸如医生、律师等职业领域，但允许在音乐舞台表现出色。因此，每个犹太父母都梦想让孩子进入音乐学校，因为那是通往西方的护照。理解了这些内容后，显而易见答案为A项。
2、[答案及分析]：[B]句意理解题。问文章中提到的nurturing societies指的是一种什么样的社会。文章中论及nurturing societies(培养天才的社会)的内容在第二段。第二段第一句就是nurturing society的定义：a society that values excellence in a certain field and is able to nurture talent.A项意思与此相同，不过是换了一种提法而已。
3、[答案及分析]：[C]归纳事实题。问文中认为日本是一个重视下列哪项事情的国家。A项意为“全方位发展”。B项表示“学习西方音乐”。C项是“对孩子的严格训练”。D项意为“学术研究的丰富多样性”。文章第二段说：“In Japan,a most competitive society with stronger discipline than ours,children are ready to test their limits every day in many fields.”据此不难判断出C正确。
4、[答案及分析]：[A]事实辨认题。问文章认为下列哪项有助于音乐神童的出现。文章第三段说：“Next to hard work,biological inheritance plays an important role in the making of a prodigy(除了勤奋，遗传因素在天才的成长中起着重要作用)”。A natural gift的意思跟biological inheritance相同，所以A正确。
5、[答案及分析]：[D]主旨题。问下列哪个标题最能概括本文的主要思想。全文主要讲的是形成天才的因素，所以D项合适。
大学英语四级考试阅读模拟试：工资
It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement because once you are inside, the organizational constraints (约束) influence wage increases. One thing, however, is certain: your chances of getting the raise you feel you deserve are less if you don’t at least ask for it. Men tend to ask for more, and they get more, and this holds true with other resources, not just pay increases. Consider Beth’s story:
I did not get what I wanted when I did not ask for it. We had cubicle (小隔间) offices and window offices.I sat in the cubicles with several male colleagues. One by one they were moved into window offices, while I remained in the cubicles, several males who were hired after me also went to offices. One in particular told me he was next in line for an office and that it had been part of his negotiations for the job. I guess they thought me content to stay in the cubicles since I did not voice my opinion either way.
It would be nice if we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit, but “nice” isn’t a quality attributed to most organizations. If you feel you deserve a significant raise in pay, you’ll probablyhave to ask for it.
Performance is your best bargaining chip (筹码) when you are seeking a raise. You must be able to demonstrate that you deserve a raise. Timing is also a good bargaining chip. If you can give your boss something he or she needs (a new client or a sizable contract, for example) just before merit pay decisions are beingmade, you are more likely to get the raise you want.
Use information as a bargaining chip too. Find out what you are worth on the open market. What will someone else pay for your services?
Go into the negotiations prepared to place your chips on the table at the appropriate time and prepared touse communication style to guide the direction of the interaction.
练习题：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1. According to the passage, before taking a job, a person should ________.
A. demonstrate his capability
B. give his boss a good impression
C. ask for as much money as he can
D. ask for the salary he hopes to get
2. What can be inferred from Beth’s story?
A. Prejudice against women still exists in some organizations.
B. If people want what they deserve, they have to ask for it.
C. People should not be content with what they have got.
D. People should be careful when negotiating for a job.
3. We can learn from the passage that ________.
A. unfairness exists in salary increases
B. most people are overworked and underpaid
C. one should avoid overstating one’s performance
D. most organizations give their staff automatic pay raises
4. To get a pay raise, a person should ________.
A. advertise himself on the job market
B. persuade his boss to sign a long-term contract
C) try to get inside information about the organization
D) do something to impress his boss just before merit pay decisions
5. To be successful in negotiations, one must ________.
A. meet his boss at the appropriate time
B. arrive at the negotiation table punctually
C. be good at influencing the outcome of the interaction
D. be familiar with what the boss likes and dislikes
1.[D] 推理判断题。根据文章第1句。开头立论：“It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement在进入公司以前就谈妥你的最初工资要求要更容易些”。因此，在接受一份工作前应该先提出期望薪金要求，即D。注意C中as much…as he can意思太绝对，不妥。
2.[B] 推理判断题。Beth的故事是为了证明第1段提出的观点，主要依据第2段第1句，第3段最后一句再次印证。核心词为ask for。
3.[A] 推理判断题。从Beth的故事中不难总结出：如果你要求加薪或提升，你可能就会得到满足;你如果不要求，老板就可能不予考虑。因此在salary increase中含有很大的主观因素，故而unfair。直接依据为第3段第1句。
4.[D] 事实细节题。根据倒数第3段，performance“工作表现”，timing“抓住时机”和information“利用信息”是加薪的三大筹码。D与其中对timing的阐述一致。
5.[C] 事实细节题。最后一段指出，带着准备好的筹码去跟老板商谈加薪，并在合适的时候拿出来,而且要运用一定的交际手段引导谈判的发展方向，即C。注意其中place your chips on the table at the appropriate time “在适当的时候拿出筹码”不等于A中的meet his boss at the appropriate time。
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