[英语语法手册]何谓"时态的一致"

2012-08-02 14:48:49 英语

定义

某些从句(主要是宾语从句)中谓语动词的时态,常常受主句中谓语动词时态的影响,这叫做时态的一致(sequence of tenses)

主句中的谓语动词如为现在或将来时态时

从句中的谓语动词可以用任何所需要的时态。如:

He says his father is (waswill be)an engineer.他说他父亲是(过去是,将来要做)一个工程师。

Can you tell me when you finished (will finish) the work? 你可否告诉我你什么时候完成的(会完成)这项工作?

主句中的谓语动词如为过去时态时

从句中的谓语动词一般须用过去时态。这又可分为下面三种情况:

1)如果从句里的谓语动词所表示的动作与主句的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,从句须用过去一般时或过去进行时。如:

He told me he was unwell.他告诉我他不大舒服。

She said her brother was reading a magazine at the moment. 她说她弟弟正在读一本杂志。

2)如果从句的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句的谓语动词所表示的动作之前,从句须用过去完成时。如:

He said he had posted the letter.他说他已经把信发了。

Our teacher told us he had been to lndia.我们老师说他到过印度

3)如果从句的谓语动词所表示的动作在主句的谓语动词所表示的动作之后,从句的谓语动词须用过去将来时态。如:

They did not know when they would go to the Great Wall. 他们不知道什么时候去参观长城。

He said he was going to be an actor after leaving school.他说他毕业后要当演员。

[]主句的谓语动词如是过去时态,还须注意下面两种特殊情况:

1)从句所说明的如果是一般真理或客观事实,则仍用现在时态。如:

The teacher told the pupils that the earth is round.老师告诉学生地球是球形体的。

Somebody told me you an a writer.有人告诉我说你是一个作家。

2)从句如果有表示某一具体时间的状语,谓语动词所表示的动作虽发生在主句的谓语动词所表示的动作之前,一般仍用过去一般时,不用过去完成时。如:

The teacher told his pupi1s that the Chinese Communist Party was founded in Shanghai in l921. 老师告诉学生中国共产党于一九二一年在上海诞生。

My father told me that my grandfather was born in l900.我父亲告诉我,我祖父生于一九OO年。

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