[英语语法手册]情态动词--have to

2012-08-02 14:48:49 英语

have to

have to加动词原形

表示"不得不""必须"的概念。它比must更含有"客观条件使得必须如此做"的意思,并有较多的时态。如:

Mr. Johnson has to work very hard to earn a living.约翰逊先生为了谋生不得不拼命干活。

I had to leave the party early last night. I wasn't very well.昨晚我只得早点离开晚会,我不大舒服。

We will have to get up very early tomorrow.我们明天必须起得很早。

I shall have to go to the clinic today for my bad cough.我咳嗽得厉害,今天必须去诊疗所看看。

[]口语中的I have got toyou have got to等:I have toyou have to. Have I got to?Do I have to?这两种疑问形式均可用。

[英语语法手册]情态动词--shall

shall

shall作为情态动词用于第二、三人称

可表示说话人给对方的"命令""警告""允诺""威胁"等概念。如:

You shall do itwhether you want to or not. 不管你愿意不愿意,你必须做这项工作。(命令)

You shall have the book as soon as I finish it.这本书我一看完就给你。(允诺)

You shall pay for it.你一定会受到惩罚的。(威胁)

在疑问句中,情态动词shall用于第一、三人称

表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。如:

What shall I do now? 我现在该做什么?

Shall we go for a walk? 我们去散步好吗?

Shall he come tomorrow? 你要他明天来吗?

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