[英语语法手册]虚拟语气 F

2012-08-02 14:48:49 英语

虚拟语气的其他用法

虚拟语气用在主语从句中

It is natural(necessarystrangeimportant) that...这类句型里,that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用should加动词原形。如:

It is quite natural that he should think so.他这样想是很自然的事。

It is strange that he Should have gone away without telling us. 真奇怪,他没有通知我们就走掉了。

It is necessary that the question should be settled at once.必须马上解决这个问题。

It is important that we should speak politely. 我们说话要有礼貌,这是很重要的。

It is imperative that we should practise criticism and self-criti - cism. 应当进行批评与自我批评。

虚拟语气用在宾语从句中

下列两种宾语从句须用虚拟语气:

1)在动词wish后的宾语从句(常常省去连词that),表示不可实现的愿望。从句中的动词如用过去式,则表示与现在事实相反(如下面第一、二例句);如用过去完成式,则表示与过去事实相反(如下面第三、四例句)。如:

I wish I were a pilot.但愿我是个飞行员。

I wish I knew how to operate the machine.我要是会操作这架机器该有多好啊! (= I'm sorry I don't know.)

I wish he hadn't gone.他要是没走该多好!(= I'm sorry he has gone.)

We wish you had come to our New Year's party.我们真希望你来参加我们的新年联欢会。(= but you did not)

动词wish如果是过去式,后面宾语从句的动词的虚拟语气形式不变,仍用过去式或过去完成式。如:

She wished she knew how to play golf. 她但愿会打高尔夫球。 (和过去事实相反)

I wished I hadn't been so forgetful. Then I shouldn't have missed the concert.我要是不这样忘事该多好,那我就不会不去听音乐会。(和过去的过去的事实相反)

[]有时在宾语从句中可用wouldmight加动词原形,表示有可能实现的愿望。如:.

I wish hemight stay with me.我希望他和我住在一起。

He wishes I would go with him.他希望我和他一起去。

I wish you would be quiet.我希望你安静一些。

2)动词demand(要求)suggest(建议)order (命令)insist(坚持)propose(建议)等后面的宾语从句,用should(用于所有的人称)加动词原形来表示虚拟语气。如:

I suggest that we should hold a meeting tonight.我建议今晚开个会。

The chairman proposed that we Should discuss the question.主席提议我们讨论这个问题。

Most students insist that they should have more English classes. 多数同学坚持要多上英语课。

[]这种结构往往可不用should,尤其在美国,只用动词原形(用于所有的人称)。如上面三例只用holddiscusshave,不用should holdshould discussshould have。又如:

I suggest that we make a new expertinent.我建议进行新的试验。

I propose that the matter be put the vote at once.我提议把这个问题马上付表决。

虚拟语气用在状语从句中

as ifas though所引导的状浯从句表示比较或方式时,从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气。动词形式用动词的过去式(bewere)had + 过去分词。如:

My mother locked after the orphan as if he were her own child. 我母亲照料这个孤儿像自己孩子一样。

You speak as if you had really been there.你谈得好像你真的到过那里似的。

注意下面句中的as if从句用作表语。如:

It looks as if it might rain,天好像要下雨似的。

[]连词lestin case所引导的状语从句中的谓语动词亦用虚拟语气。例见15.3315.30

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